Coupled Oxidation-Extraction Desulfurization : A Novel Evaluation for Diesel Fuel

This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (21176021, 21276020, 2187081257). We extend our appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work, through Research Group Project No. RG-1436-026.Peer reviewedPostprin

Global Water Mapping, Requirements, and Concerns over Water Quality Shortages

Water is a blessing and reason forsurvival on earth for human beings. Without water, it is not difficult to live on earth, but it is impossible. Water fulfills domestic, drinking, agricultural, and industrial requirements and makes everything useful for us. Unfortunately, rapid increase in population, unplanned agriculture practices, and industrial sector have become a serious issues for environment and for future needs. Water will be a very important issue for next generations to face. Safe water access up to 50−100 liters per day for drinking and sanitation is a right of every human being, recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in July 2010. Approximately, six billion people may suffer from scarcity of clean water by 2050. The agriculture sector is the largest consumer of freshwater around 70% followed by industry and domestic of 19 and 11%, respectively. The global demand for water is gradually increasing by 1% per year. Global demand for water is predicted to increase by 55% between the years 2000 and 2050. Existing global water demand has been projected to about 4600 km3 every year and estimation may increase up to 20−30%, in range of 5500−6000 km3 every year by 2050

Zrównoważone podejście do produkcji przędz melanżowych poprzez recykling barwionych odpadów włókien

The aim of this paper is to study a sustainable approach of recycling different fibre waste for the mélange yarn industry and to suggest a sustainable strategy of mixing dyed fibre waste for use by yarn supply chain engineers. Fibre waste was added to a Blow room or draw frame and compared in terms of properties. It was found that the mechanical properties of cotton mélange yarn manufactured by adding waste are suitable to be marketed. Various qualitative parameters such as the spun length, tenacity, elongation %, short fibre index (SFI), yarn evenness analysis, nep count analysis and waste assessment were discussed and compared in both kinds of mixing strategies i.e. mixing in the form of flocks in a blow room and in the form of slivers on a draw frame; as followed by the Mélange yarn Industry. The effect of increasing the number of passages on yarn quality was also analysed.Celem artykułu było zbadanie zrównoważonego podejścia do recyklingu różnych odpadów włókiennych w produkcji przędzy melanżowej i zasugerowanie zrównoważonej strategii mieszania barwionych odpadów włókiennych do wykorzystania przez inżynierów w łańcuchu dostaw przędzy. Odpady z włókien dodano do suszarni lub ramy wyciągowej i porównano pod względem właściwości. Stwierdzono, że właściwości mechaniczne bawełnianej przędzy melanżowej wytwarzanej przez dodanie odpadów są odpowiednie do wprowadzenia do obrotu. Różne parametry jakościowe, takie jak długość przędzenia, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, % wydłużenia, wskaźnik krótkich włókien (SFI), analiza równomierności przędzy, analiza liczby zgrubień i ocena odpadów zostały omówione i porównane w obu rodzajach strategii mieszania

Oxidative Desulfurization of Gasoline by Ionic Liquids Coupled with Extraction by Organic Solvents

In this work, desulfurization of real fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline was investigated in dual steps; first in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using imidazolium and pyrrolidonium based Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as solvent and catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. In second step, extractive desulfurization took place using organic solvents of furfural, furfural alcohol and ethylene glycol. Variety of factors such as temperature, time, mass ratio of oil/ILs and regeneration and recycling of ILs, multiple-step desulfurization of ILs and organic solvents and solvent/oil ratio were also investigated. The S-content was significantly decreased to ca. 18 ppm from initial S-content of 260 ppm with a total S-removal of ca. 95% in one-step ODS using pyrrolidonium based ILs coupled with five-step extraction desulfurization (EDS) using furfural alcohol as extractant. This work shows that oxidative desulfurization using ionic liquids coupled with extractive desulfurization using organic solvents is a potential method to produce clean gasoline

High-Risk Factors causing Mortality in Pediatric Burn Patients, admitted in Burns Centre of Karachi

ABSTRACT Background: Different risk variables that lead to mortality of a burn victim. The most important categories for assessment of severity in burns among pediatric age group is, total body surface area (TBSA) involved, age and type of burn which can lead to increased deaths. The current study was performed to analyze the various factors of causing risk of burns and leading to mortality. Methods: It is a cross-sectional non-probability descriptive study, performed of Pediatric Burns unit Ruth Pfau Civil hospital, Karachi. Clinical recordof 227 Patients of both sexes135 males and 92 females was analyzed after receiving approval from Burn Center, Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Statistical analyzes was carried out using version 20.00 of SPSS. Results: Largest percentage of mortality was in age between 1 and 5 years. In 139 patients, Scalding due to hot water was the most common form of burn. Major cause of mortality was due to multiple burns with > 50% involvement of TBSA was the most common category constituting 68.7% among the patients in the current study. Significant association was analyzed between the nutritional status of patients as assessed by albumin levels and mortality (p=0.004). However, total mortality among the reported cases in between 2016 until 2018 was 28.2% being in 1-5years of age with above-mentioned associations. Conclusion: Current research indicates that an increasing mortality in pediatric burn patients is linked with the proportion of total body surface area (TBSA) exposed to burns, duration of the exposure, decrease total protein content due to damage of tissues and muscles. This leads to prolonged protein and intravenous fluid replacement. One of the most common complication is progression to respiratory failure. Keywords: Burns, burns etiology, burns mortality rate

Carbon material optimized biocathode for improving microbial fuel cell performance

To improve the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), the biocathode electrode material of double-chamber was optimized. Alongside the basic carbon fiber brush, three carbon materials namely graphite granules, activated carbon granules and activated carbon powder, were added to the cathode-chambers to improve power generation. The result shows that the addition of carbon materials increased the amount of available electroactive microbes on the electrode surface and thus promote oxygen reduction rate, which improved the generation performance of the MFCs. The Output current (external resistance = 1000 Ω) greatly increased after addition of the three carbon materials and maximum power densities in current stable phase increased by 47.4%, 166.1% and 33.5%, respectively. Additionally, coulombic efficiencies of the MFC increased by 16.3%, 64.3% and 20.1%, respectively. These results show that MFC when optimized with activated carbon granules show better power generation, higher chemical oxygen demands (COD) removal rate and coulombic efficiency

Assessing hybrid solar-wind potential for industrial decarbonization strategies: Global shift to green development

The global energy mix is shifting from fossil fuels to combinations of multiple energy storage and generation types. Hybrid energy system advancements provide opportunities for developing and deploying innovative green technology solutions that can further reduce emissions and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. This study examined the impact of an increasing share of wind and solar electricity production on reducing carbon intensity by controlling coal and lignite domestic consumption and the production of refined oil products in a world aggregated data panel. Data covering the last three decades were used for the analysis by the ARDL bounds testing approach. The results showed that an increasing share of wind and solar electricity production would be helpful to decrease carbon intensity in the short and long term. On the other hand, a 1% increase in coal and domestic lignite consumption increased carbon intensity by 0.343% in the short run and 0.174% in the long run. The production of refined oil products decreases carbon intensity by 0.510% in the short run and 0.700% in the long run. However, refining oil products is associated with positive and negative environmental externalities. The positive aspect depends upon the removal of harmful pollutants and the production of cleaner-burning fuels, while the negative part is related to the operational side of refineries and processing plants that may release contaminants into the atmosphere, affecting global air and water quality. Hence, it is crucial to improve processing and refining capacity to produce better-refined oil products by using renewable fuels in energy production. It is proposed that these are the most cost-effective pathways to achieve industrial decarbonization

A green perspective: Investigating the optical effects of e-commerce, renewable energy demand, and services trade on carbon emissions

Green digital marketing encourages consumers to make ethical purchases and pressures businesses to up their sustainability game via digital channels. Although helping economic development, the increased demand for internet things in Asia negatively impacts the environment. Using the PMG-ARDL and fixed effect models, this research looks at the effects of e-commerce on the environment in five developed Asian nations from 1990 to 2020. According to the findings, online shopping has a favourable short-term effect on carbon emissions but a negative long-term impact. Long-term increases in carbon emissions are attributable to R&D spending and trade-in services, but shorter-term reductions in emissions are attributable to trade-in services. Carbon emissions fall as economies expand. Economic growth is estimated to be a Granger cause of e-commerce and trade-in services. In contrast, e-commerce is estimated to be a Granger cause of renewable energy and service trade. E-commerce, demand for renewable energy sources, R&D expenditures, and international trade in services are projected to have the largest influence on carbon emissions over the next decade, according to a variance decomposition analysis (VDA). Investment in R&D should be increased, eco-friendly e-commerce projects should be subsidized, and targets should be established for the development of renewable energy sources in order to enhance environmental quality

Desulfurization of Fuel Oil: Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents Study on Capacity of Ionic Liquids for Thiophene and Dibenzothiophene

To screen and use ionic liquids (ILs) as environmental-friendly extractive solvents in removing aromatic sulfur compounds (S-compounds) from fuel oils, the knowledge of their capacity for S-compounds (or solubility of S-compounds in ILs) is very important. In this work, the capacities of 1860 potential ILs (30 anions, 62 cations) for two representative S-compounds of thiophene (TS) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) are calculated using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). The influences of cation family, cation alkyl chain length, cation symmetry, anion nature, anion alkyl chain length, and functional group on the capacity are extensively discussed and are understood from microlevel view with σ-profile, σ-moments, and COSMO-RS energies. It is observed that the capacity is very dependent on cation and anion structure characteristics and is in a very wide range (e.g., 10^–3∼10¹ for TS, 10^–3∼10² for DBT); the van der Waals (vdW) and hydrogen-bonding (HB) energies have significant effects on the capacity. Increasing the nonpolarity and vdW energies of cation or alkyl chain on anion, or the polarity and HB energies of anion, can favor the capacity. This work is valuable to rationally select or design the ILs for desulfurization of fuel oils