Economic outlook of food crops in Pakistan: An empirical study

Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, highly depends on food crops. There is a huge gap between the products purchased and the actual products, which suffer from inadequate technology, inadequate resource use, inappropriate use of water and land, and inappropriate pests management studies, it's not just negatively affects production but also reduces production. Most farmers use synthetic chemicals to control pests, but they are often used in vain. In order to illustrate the main gaps and actual results of the main upland crops. The study examines the link between food security and GDP growth in Pakistan, including wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize, and water availability in Pakistan from 1999 to 2018. Periodic data are collected from the Pakistan Economic Survey (various sources). Use conventional miniature methods and refine Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testing to analyze crop data, and use Johansen aggregation testing to interpret results. Our research found that wheat, rice, sugarcane, and maize yields were positively correlated with Pakistan's agricultural GDP, while water supply was negatively correlated with Pakistan's agricultural GDP without significant correlation. Water resources related to climate change and the context of climate change will have a devastating effect on Pakistan's water resources. Therefore, the study suggests that the Pakistani government should provide major agricultural inputs on subsidies formulate policies, and launch new funding programs to develop and improve water availability. &nbsp

Does Energy-Growth and Environment Quality Matter for Agriculture Sector in Pakistan or not? An Application of Cointegration Approach

The main objective of this paper is to examine the long-term effects of financial development, economic growth, energy consumption (electricity consumption in the agriculture sector), foreign direct investment (FDI), and population on the environmental quality in Pakistan during the period of 1980 to 2016. We use CO2 emissions from the agriculture sector as a proxy indicator for environmental quality. We employ various unit root tests (e.g., ADF, PP, ERS, KPSS) and structural break unit root tests (Z&A, CMR) to check the stationarity and structural break in the data series. Cointegration tests, i.e., Johansen, Engle-Granger, and ARDL cointegration approaches are used to ensure their robustness. Results showed that significant long-term cointegration exists among the variables. Findings also indicated that an increase in financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) improves environmental quality, whereas the increase in economic growth and electricity consumption in the agriculture sector degrades environmental quality in Pakistan. Based on the findings, we suggest policymakers should provide a conducive environment for foreign investment. Moreover, it is also suggested that a reliance on fossil fuels be reduced and a transition to renewable energy sources be encouraged to decrease the environmental pollution in the country