A Methodological Approach: Formal Specification Of Quality Attributes Modeling Approcahes In The Waterfall Process Model

The fields like Software Engineering (SE) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) are considered dissimilar.. SE based process model mostly discuss modeling of functional requirement while the HCI based approaches are mostly concerned with the modeling of quality attributes. The quality attributes are mostly discussed during late phases of software development. The non-functional requirements as quality attributes can be integrated in software products by considering quality or non-functional modeling approaches during all of the phases of software engineering process model. The separation of SE and HCI concerns restricts formal specification of quality attributes during all of the phases of SE process model. The software systems or products are generally less user centered because SE process models can’t address formal specification of quality attributes in SE process models. In this research a methodology for the formal specification of approaches that model functional requirements and quality attribute during SE process model is proposed. The proposed methodology is based on waterfall SE process model. It can be utilized in design and development of users centered software products. Our proposed methodology also bridges gap between SE and HCI fields

INFORMATION DESIGN FOR EMAIL ADVERTISEMENTS

The Frequent use of emails as a communication mechanism  is observed in recent years. Now the emails are utilized in the marketing and advertisement of various products. The information design for the email advertisement is perhaps the less explored area. In this paper we have highlighted the role of email advertisements in marketing of the products. A process model for email advertisement is also proposed. The design guidelines for email advertisement are opted from various sources and proposed. The email advertisement design guidelines are categorized as the functional, administrative, aesthetic and cognitive guidelines. The email advertisement design guidelines can be utilized in the designing of emails based advertisements

Hip reconstruction osteotomy by Ilizarov method as a salvage option for abnormal hip joints

Hip joint instability can be secondary to congenital hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia (DDH) or acquired such as sequel of infective or neoplastic process. An unstable hip is usually associated with loss of bone from the proximal femur, proximal migration of the femur, lower-extremity length discrepancy, abnormal gait, and pain. In this case series of 37 patients coming to our institution between May 2005 and December 2011, we report our results in treatment of unstable hip joint by hip reconstruction osteotomy using the Ilizarov method and apparatus. This includes an acute valgus and extension osteotomy of the proximal femur combined with gradual varus and distraction (if required) for realignment and lengthening at a second, more distal, femoral osteotomy. 18 males and 19 females participated in the study. There were 17 patients with DDH, 12 with sequelae of septic arthritis, 2 with tuberculous arthritis, 4 with posttraumatic arthritis, and 2 with focal proximal femoral deficiency. Outcomes were evaluated by using Harris Hip Scoring system. At the mean follow-up of 37 months, Harris Hip Score had significantly improved in all patients. To conclude, illizarov hip reconstruction can successfully improve Trendelenburg’s gait. It supports the pelvis and simultaneously restores knee alignment and corrects lower-extremity length discrepancy (LLD)

Outcomes of internal hemipelvectomy for pelvic tumors: a developing country’s prospective

Introduction: Previously, external hemipelvectomy was the mainstay of treatment for pelvic tumors. However, with technological advancements, limb salvage procedures such as internal hemipelvectomy have emerged as a viable alternative. However, there is limited literature available on long-term outcomes and complications of internal hemipelvectomy, especially from developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to share our experience of internal hemipelvectomy at a tertiary care center in a developing country. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was conducted in which all 24 patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 at our institution were included. Medical record files were reviewed for intraoperative and early and late postoperative complications, and functional outcomes were assessed by contacting each patient on telephone. Results: Ewing sarcoma was found to be the most common diagnosis, followed by osteosarcoma as the second most common. The mean follow-up period was 18.7 ± 13.9 months. Intraoperatively there were 4 cases of iatrogenic neurovascular injury and 2 cases each of urinary tract injury and dural tear. Four patients developed early wound infections, 7 developed late wound infections, and 2 developed flap necrosis. Three patients developed recurrence, whereas 7 patients developed metastasis postoperatively. The mean survival was calculated to be 28 months and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 19.3 ± 5.2. Conclusions: Outcomes and prevalence of complications shown in this study are comparable to those in the international literature, which suggests that hemipelvectomy is a viable option in developing countries also. However, more such studies are warranted to validate the findings and to identify the challenges and morbidities associated with hemipelvectomy in Asian and developing countries

Berneese periacetabular osteotomy for residual hip dysplasia in adults - a case report and review of literature

Abstract Pelvic osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia has been introduced to improve acetabular coverage of the femoral head and reduce the risk of secondary osteoarthrosis. Several surgical methods for acetabular reorientation have been proposed for this purpose by reorientation of the acetabulum single, double, triple, spherical and periacetabular osteotomies. We report our first experience with periacetabulur berneese osteotomy described by Prof. R. Ganz and now the procedure of choice in appropriately selected patients. Fifteen years old boy who presented with complaints of fall and pain in the right gluteal region for 5 days duration that increased with walking. Examination revealed an antalgic gait. Rest of his examination was normal except mild tenderness in the right buttock area. His plain X-rays revealed an incidental finding of dysplastic left hip with deficient lateral coverage, deformed femoral head, coxa magna and mild coxa valga. In addition he had focal arthritic changes over the superolateral acetabulam with sclerosis and cyst formation. His anterior center-edge angle was 24 degrees with an acetabular index of 44 degrees. He had grade II arthritic changes according to the Tonnis classification of osteoarthritis. A periacetabulur ganz osteotomy was performed. Correction was confirmed with intraoperative X-rays. His post operative course was smooth and he was allowed full weight bearing at 8 weeks when X-rays showed satisfactory healing of osteotom

Operative treatment of bilateral hip dislocation in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Abstract PURPOSE: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare syndrome with multiple joint contractures. It is commonly believed that bilaterally dislocated hips associated with joint contractures should not be reduced, because movement is satisfactory, while open reduction leads to poor results. This report presents our experience with surgical management of bilateral dislocation of hips in children with AMC. METHODS: During the period 1990 to 2000, we performed open reduction on 8 hips of 4 children with AMC. The mean age at surgery was 23 months (range, 5-48 months). Open reduction and capsular plication without any bony procedure were performed in 4 hips (2 patients). De-rotation and varus osteotomy of the femur was performed in 4 hips, and Salter osteotomy of the innominate bone in 2 hips. The average acetabular index was 44 degrees, and the mean centreedge angle was -41 degrees preoperatively. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 4 years (range, 2-9 years). The average acetabular index and centre-edge angle were 19 and 18 degrees, respectively at the time of last follow-up. All children could walk without support. One child required re-opening for redislocation of hip joint. The clinical results were good in 6 hips and fair in 2 hips, according to Severin\u27s and McKay\u27s classifications. CONCLUSION: Our experience shows that open reduction for bilateral dislocation of hips in children with AMC is a suitable option with generally good results. Surgery performed at earlier age gives the best functional outcome

Single stage oncologic resection and reconstruction: A step toward development of sarcoma service in resource constrained country

Tumor free-margin surgical resection remains the single most important treatment in the curative therapy of musculoskeletal tumor of limbs. Refinements in surgical techniques have led to increased function preservation and limb salvage. Patients and Methods: The records of patients (n = 24) who underwent microsurgical soft tissue reconstruction subsequent to resection of limb tumour during the period 2006 to 2011 were reviewed. Primary outcome i.e. uptake of the flap was evaluated. Perioperative morbidities were also noted including donor as well as recipient site complications. Assessment of Functional outcome (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, MSTS) local recurrence, free survival, and disease-specific survival was also made. Results: Twenty four patients (age range: 7 - 72 years) who have undergone tumor resection followed by flap coverage were identified. Lower limb reconstruction outnumbered upper limb by 6:1. Complications included, one complete failure of free vascularized iliac crest flap done for reconstruction of a heel defect. One of the patients had secondary hemorrhage 10 days after surgery. Another patient with internal hemipelvectomy for Ewing’s sarcoma had a dura puncture during resection of sacrum. Partial epidermal necrosis was evident in four cases. Eighty three percent of the patients remained alive (n = 20), 19 of whom currently have no evidence of disease (NED) Disease recurrence was noted in three patients. Overall MSTS score was 73.5%. Conclusion: The microsurgical repair of defects is a reliable option that, though not free of complications, is necessary in selected cases. The procedure enables both adequate oncosurgical resection and function preservation

Non-Destructive Testing of Fully Recycled Aggregate Concrete Bricks Prepared by Compression Casting Technique

This research study aims to investigate the quality and strength of fully recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) bricks made by using Compression Casting Technique (CCT). Standard size RAC bricks were manufactured using 70% recycled coarse and 30% recycled fine concrete aggregates with 15% cement content by weight of total aggregates. Three values of casting pressure (i.e., 25, 30 and 35 MPa) were studied. Recycled concrete aggregates (fine and coarse) required for this study were produced by crushing of tested concrete samples having compressive strength range of 3000 to 4000 psi. Both destructive and non-destructive testing were performed on RAC bricks. Among NDT, ultrasonic pulse velocity test was performed to assess the quality of RAC bricks and based on results, a correlation between compressive strength and UPV test values is proposed. In addition, Schmitt hammer test was also performed, and their values were compared with laboratory tested samples. Results have highlighted that Schmitt hammer and UPV test can be consider as convenient and reliable way to assess the strength and quality of RAC bricks in the field

Complex biological reconstruction after wide excision of osteogenic sarcoma in lower extremities

Wide margin resection of extremity tumor sometimes leaves a huge soft tissue and bony defects in limb salvage surgery. Adequate management of these defects is an absolute requirement when aiming for functional limb. Multidisciplinary management in such cases is an answer when complex biologic reconstruction is desired. We aim to present cases of osteogenic sarcoma of lower extremity requiring combined surgical approach to achieve effective musculoskeletal reconstruction. Patients and Methods. From 2006 to 2010 ten patients were operated on for osteogenic sarcoma of lower extremity requiring complex musculoskeletal reconstruction. Results. Six patients had pathology around knee joint, whereas one each with mid tibia, mid femur, proximal femur, and heel bone. Locking compression plate was used in 7 patients including six with periarticular disease. Eight out of ten patients underwent biologic reconstruction using autograft; endoprosthetic reconstruction and hindquarter amputation were done in the remaining two patients. Vascularized fibula was done in five patients, sural artery flap which was primarily done in three patients, spare part fillet flap, free iliac crest flap, and Gastrocnemius flap was done in one patient each. Secondary hemorrhage, infection, nonunion, wound dehiscence, and flap failure were notable complications in four patients. The Average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 89%. Conclusion. Combined surgical approach results in cosmetically acceptable and functional limb