Prevalencia de terceros molares mandibulares impactados y su asociación con caries distales en segundos molares mandibulares mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico.

This study evaluated the prevalence and eruption’s pattern of impacted mandibular third molars (IMTM) and the influence of their eruption status on the distal caries of mandibular second molars (MSM) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: CBCT images taken for different purposes in private dental practices were analyzed retrospectively. Radiographic assessment included: prevalence of IMTM, degree of angulation, level of impaction and type of IMTM. Furthermore, the distance between the cement-enamel junctions (CEJ) of second and third molars and the occurrence of caries lesion on the distal surface of MSM was also evaluated. Data were analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression was used to find the association between distal caries of MSM and eruption status of IMTM. Results: Three hundred and eight CBCTs were screened, the prevalence of IMTM was 36.88% and their angulation degree were mostly less than 90º (mesioangular). Amongst those with impaction, 58 subjects (43%) had distal caries on MSM, 29.6% in females and 30.4% in the age group 19-27 years. Caries on the distal side of MSM were significantly associated with age, level and type of impaction, angulation degree and CEJ distances (p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of IMTM is high (36.88%) and there are significant relationships between angulation degree, level and type of impaction, and CEJ distances with caries on the distal side of MSM.Introducción: Este estudio evaluó la prevalencia y el patrón de erupción de terceros molares mandibulares impactados (TMMI), y la influencia de su estado de erupción en la caries distal de los segundos molares mandibulares (SMM) mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC).  Material y métodos: se analizaron retrospectivamente las imágenes de TCHC tomadas para diferentes fines en prácticas dentales privadas. La evaluación radiográfica incluyó: prevalencia de TMMI, grado de angulación, nivel de impacto y tipo de TMMI. Además, también se evaluó la distancia entre la unión amelocementaria (UAC) de los segundos y terceros molares y la aparición de lesión de caries en la superficie distal de SMM. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado y se usó la regresión logística para evaluar asociaciones entre la caries distal de SMM y el estado de erupción de TMMI. Resultados: Se examinaron 308 TCHC, la prevalencia de TMMI fue de 36.88% y su grado de angulación fue mayoritariamente menor a 90º (mesioangular). Entre aquellos con impacto, 58 sujetos (43%) tenían caries distales en los SMM, 29.6% eran mujeres y 30.4% pertenecieron al grupo de edad de 19-27 años. Las caries en el lado distal de MSM se asociaron significativamente con la edad, el nivel y el tipo de impactación, el grado de angulación y las distancias UAC (p<0.05). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de TMMI es alta (36.88%) y existen relaciones significativas entre el grado de angulación, el nivel y el tipo de impacto, y las distancias UAC con presencia de caries en el lado distal de los SMM

Genetic characterization of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection in Sulaimaniyah city, Iraq

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes are distributed unevenly throughout the world’s regions. The researchers’ goal in this study was to find out which HBV genotypes are now prevalent in the blood of chronic HBV patients in Iraq’s Kurdistan Region’s Sulaimaniyah governorate. Methods Genotyping was carried out utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) type-specified primers. Thirty-three chronic HBV patients were included in the HBV genotyping assay. Phylogenic trees of Pre-S1/Pre S2/S genes’ nucleotide sequences were constructed using 36 HBV isolates. Results All the patients had HBV genotype D. Additionally, two samples were further analyzed by sequencing and deposited in GenBank as HBV/Sul-1/2021 accession numbers MZ077051 and HBV/Sul-2/2021 accession numbers MZ077052. Phylogenic analysis indicated that the HBV isolates belong to sub-genotype D1/serotype ayw2. The HBV/Sul-2/2021 had two sequence deletion mutations from G61del-T87del, which accounted for 27 amino acid deletions, and ten other mutations were identified in the carboxylic terminus of the pre-S1 from Q104del-R113del. Accordingly, 37 amino acids were deleted in the S promoter region. Several other substitution mutations were recorded in both HBV isolates. Conclusion Patients with chronic HBV were found to have the HBV sub-genotype D1/subtype ayw2 with no mixed genotypes. HBV/Sul-1/2022, a new strain with a 37-amino acid mutation, was found to be distinct from any previously known HBV isolates

Prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars and its association with distal caries in mandibular second molars using cone beam computed tomography.

This study evaluated the prevalence and eruption’s pattern of impacted mandibular third molars (IMTM) and the influence of their eruption status on the distal caries of mandibular second molars (MSM) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: CBCT images taken for different purposes in private dental practices were analyzed retrospectively. Radiographic assessment included: prevalence of IMTM, degree of angulation, level of impaction and type of IMTM. Furthermore, the distance between the cement-enamel junctions (CEJ) of second and third molars and the occurrence of caries lesion on the distal surface of MSM was also evaluated. Data were analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression was used to find the association between distal caries of MSM and eruption status of IMTM. Results: Three hundred and eight CBCTs were screened, the prevalence of IMTM was 36.88% and their angulation degree were mostly less than 90º (mesioangular). Amongst those with impaction, 58 subjects (43%) had distal caries on MSM, 29.6% in females and 30.4% in the age group 19-27 years. Caries on the distal side of MSM were significantly associated with age, level and type of impaction, angulation degree and CEJ distances (p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of IMTM is high (36.88%) and there are significant relationships between angulation degree, level and type of impaction, and CEJ distances with caries on the distal side of MSM.Este estudio evaluó la prevalencia y el patrón de erupción de terceros molares mandibulares impactados (TMMI), y la influencia de su estado de erupción en la caries distal de los segundos molares mandibulares (SMM) mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Material y métodos: se analizaron retrospectivamente las imágenes de TCHC tomadas para diferentes fines en prácticas dentales privadas. La evaluación radiográfica incluyó: prevalencia de TMMI, grado de angulación, nivel de impacto y tipo de TMMI. Además, también se evaluó la distancia entre la unión amelocementaria (UAC) de los segundos y terceros molares y la aparición de lesión de caries en la superficie distal de SMM. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado y se usó la regresión logística para evaluar asociaciones entre la caries distal de SMM y el estado de erupción de TMMI. Resultados: Se examinaron 308 TCHC, la prevalencia de TMMI fue de 36.88% y su grado de angulación fue mayoritariamente menor a 90º (mesioangular). Entre aquellos con impacto, 58 sujetos (43%) tenían caries distales en los SMM, 29.6% eran mujeres y 30.4% pertenecieron al grupo de edad de 19-27 años. Las caries en el lado distal de MSM se asociaron significativamente con la edad, el nivel y el tipo de impactación, el grado de angulación y las distancias UAC (p<0.05). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de TMMI es alta (36.88%) y existen relaciones significativas entre el grado de angulación, el nivel y el tipo de impacto, y las distancias UAC con presencia de caries en el lado distal de los SMM