1,067 research outputs found
M-GEAR: Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for WSNs
In this research work, we advise gateway based energy-efficient routing
protocol (M-GEAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We divide the sensor
nodes into four logical regions on the basis of their location in the sensing
field. We install Base Station (BS) out of the sensing area and a gateway node
at the centre of the sensing area. If the distance of a sensor node from BS or
gateway is less than predefined distance threshold, the node uses direct
communication. We divide the rest of nodes into two equal regions whose
distance is beyond the threshold distance. We select cluster heads (CHs)in each
region which are independent of the other region. These CHs are selected on the
basis of a probability. We compare performance of our protocol with LEACH (Low
Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). Performance analysis and compared
statistic results show that our proposed protocol perform well in terms of
energy consumption and network lifetime.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
Exposure to NO2 in occupational built environments in urban centre in Lahore
Increased economic growth, urbanisation and substantial rise in automobile vehicles has contributed towards the elevated
levels of air pollution in major cities in Pakistan. Aone week study was conducted by using passive samplers to assess
NO2 concentration in occupational built environments at two most congested and populated sites of Lahore. Both sites
were locatedon the busy roads of Lahore. At Site-I the highest concentration was in outdoors followed by corridor and
indoor. While at Site II all the sampling location wereindoors and level were comparable to that of outdoor levelsat Site
I. The results suggest the likely contribution of ambient sources in exposure to indoor NO2 in educational and other
occupational built environments in urban centres
A novel linear time corner detection algorithm
In areas like pattern recognition, motion analysis, outline capturing, reconstruction of objects etc, the corners of an object play a very vital role as of features for shape representation and analysis. We have presented a novel scheme for detecting corners of a planner object SRM05. The core of the algorithm is based upon slope analysis. The complexity of our algorithm is linear. It is very efficient and as well as accurate. This scheme works for both, smooth planner and irregular planner shapes. Test results of this algorithm are compared with some commonly referred corner detectors. The experiments show that this method leads to good quality results and robustness to noise with low computational cost
A novel linear time corner detection algorithm
In areas like pattern recognition, motion analysis, outline capturing, reconstruction of objects etc, the corners of an object play a very vital role as of features for shape representation and analysis. We have presented a novel scheme for detecting corners of a planner object SRM05. The core of the algorithm is based upon slope analysis. The complexity of our algorithm is linear. It is very efficient and as well as accurate. This scheme works for both, smooth planner and irregular planner shapes. Test results of this algorithm are compared with some commonly referred corner detectors. The experiments show that this method leads to good quality results and robustness to noise with low computational cost
Ethylene signaling under stressful environments: analyzing collaborative knowledge
Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth hormone that regulates various plant developmental processes, ranging from seed germination to senescence. The mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signaling involve multistep mechanisms representing different control levels to regulate its production and response. Ethylene is an established phytohormone that displays various signaling processes under environmental stress in plants. Such environmental stresses trigger ethylene biosynthesis/action, which influences the growth and development of plants and opens new windows for future crop improvement. This review summarizes the current understanding of how environmental stress influences plants’ ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and response. The review focuses on (a) ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in plants, (b) the influence of environmental stress on ethylene biosynthesis, (c) regulation of ethylene signaling for stress acclimation, (d) potential mechanisms underlying the ethylene-mediated stress tolerance in plants, and (e) summarizing ethylene formation under stress and its mechanism of action
A novel methodology for in vivo endoscopic phenotyping of colorectal cancer based on real-time analysis of the mucosal lipidome: a prospective observational study of the iKnife
Background: This pilot study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonic adenomas. Methods: Patients undergoing elective surgical resection for CRC were recruited at St. Mary’s Hospital London and The Royal Marsden Hospital, UK. Ex vivo analysis was performed using a standard electrosurgery handpiece with aspiration of the electrosurgical aerosol to a Xevo G2-S iKnife QTof mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation). Histological examination was performed for validation purposes. Multivariate analysis was performed using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis in Matlab 2015a (Mathworks, Natick, MA). A modified REIMS endoscopic snare was developed (Medwork) and used prospectively in five patients to assess its feasibility during hot snare polypectomy. Results: Twenty-eight patients were recruited (12 males, median age 71, range 35–89). REIMS was able to reliably distinguish between cancer and normal adjacent mucosa (NAM) (AUC 0.96) and between NAM and adenoma (AUC 0.99). It had an overall accuracy of 94.4 % for the detection of cancer versus adenoma and an adenoma sensitivity of 78.6 % and specificity of 97.3 % (AUC 0.99) versus cancer. Long-chain phosphatidylserines (e.g., PS 22:0) and bacterial phosphatidylglycerols were over-expressed on cancer samples, while NAM was defined by raised plasmalogens and triacylglycerols expression and adenomas demonstrated an over-expression of ceramides. REIMS was able to classify samples according to tumor differentiation, tumor budding, lymphovascular invasion, extramural vascular invasion and lymph node micrometastases (AUC’s 0.88, 0.87, 0.83, 0.81 and 0.81, respectively). During endoscopic deployment, colonoscopic REIMS was able to detect target lipid species such as ceramides during hot snare polypectomy. Conclusion: REIMS demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for tumor type and for established histological features of poor prognostic outcome in CRC based on a multivariate analysis of the mucosal lipidome. REIMS could augment endoscopic and imaging technologies for precision phenotyping of colorectal cancer
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