Fractal Image Compression Using Modified Operator (IFS)

Image data Compression based on fractal theory is fundamentally dierent from conventional compression methods, its idea is to generate a contraction operator whose fixed point approximates the original image in a complete metric space of images. The specication of such operator can be stored as the fractal code for the original image. The contraction mapping principle implies that the iteration of the stored operator starting from arbitrary initial image will recover its xed point which is an approximation for the original image. This Contraction mapping is usually constructed using the partitioned IFS(PIFS) technique which relies on the assertion that parts of the image resemble other parts of the same image. It then, nds the fractal code for each part by searching for another larger similar part. This high costly search makes fractal image compression dicult to be implemented in practice, even it has the advantages of a high compression ratio, a low loss ratio, and the resolution independence of the compression rate. In this paper, we investigate fractal image compression(FIC) using Iterated Function Systems(IFS). After reviewing the standard scheme, we state a mathematical formulation for the practical aspect. We then propose a modied IFS that relies on the fact  that, there are very smooth parts in certain images. From the view point of mathematics, we present the modied operator, proving its properties that make it not only a fractal operator but also more eective than the standard one. The experimental results are presented and the performance of the proposed algorithm is discussed

A New Family of Appell-Type Changhee Polynomials with Geometric Applications

Recently, Appell-type polynomials have been investigated and applied in several ways. In this paper, we consider a new extension of Appell-type Changhee polynomials. We introduce two-variable generalized Appell-type λ-Changhee polynomials (2VGATλCHP). The generating function, series representations, and summation identities related to these polynomials are explored. Further, certain symmetry identities involving two-variable generalized Appell-type λ-Changhee polynomials are established. Finally, Mathematica was used to examine the zero distributions of two-variable truncated-exponential Appell-type Changhee polynomials

On Generalized Class of Bell Polynomials Associated with Geometric Applications

In this paper, we introduce a new class of special polynomials called the generalized Bell polynomials, constructed by combining two-variable general polynomials with two-variable Bell polynomials. The concept of the monomiality principle was employed to establish the generating function and obtain various results for these polynomials. We explore certain related identities, properties, as well as differential and integral formulas. Further, specific members within the generalized Bell family—such as the Gould-Hopper-Bell polynomials, Laguerre-Bell polynomials, truncated-exponential-Bell polynomials, Hermite-Appell-Bell polynomials, and Fubini-Bell polynomials—were examined, unveiling analogous outcomes for each. Finally, Mathematica was utilized to investigate the zero distributions of the Gould-Hopper-Bell polynomials

An intelligent placement of distributed capacitance based on loss minimization

Distributed Capacitance (DC) is an electric reactive power source connected directly to the distribution network or on the customer site of the meter. It is related with the use of small capacity units installed in strategic points of electric distribution system and mainly close to the load centres. An optimal placement of DC can minimize the losses in the system, improve voltage profiles and increase load factors of distribution system. This paper proposes an accurate method for optimal allocation of DC in the distribution systems based on intelligent technique namely particle swarm optimization (PSO). The system loss of electrical network is used as an indicator to evaluate the impact of DC location on system reliability and voltage profile. To demonstrate the global optimization power of the presented techniques, the IEEE 30-bus test system has been used in this study to evaluate the proper location of the DC in the electrical network. The results illustrate a high reduction of system losses when DC is located at the proper location with suitable size compared with the system loss at the base case

Protection of solar electric car DC motor with PIC controller

The electric car may represent new opportunities for any country and its electric utilities. Widespread use of electric cars can reduce the consumption of both imported and domestic oil, substitute abundant fuels such as coal and nuclear power. Since the charging of electric cars DC motor can be accomplished to a large extent during utility off-peak hours, electric cars can contribute to improve the utility load factors, as a result, reducing the average cost of generation. The problem arising when the DC motor does not stop automatically due to the abnormal condition and cause the loss of energy and the damages to the motor itself. This paper is mainly about controlling ON and OFF of Electric Car DC motor when the load is sharply varied. In this study, the DC motor is connected to the current sensor interfaced with the PIC controller and a booster IC is used to boost 12V to 24V from a rechargeable battery which is supplied by a solar panel. The PIC is utilized for automatically stopping the DC motor in order to save the Electric Car and reduce the lost of energies. The Microcode Studio software has been used for PIC coding incorporating with the Protues 7.5 simulation. Since the DC motor is being used extensively in machineries and vehicles, the proposed controlling system in this paper could reduce the cost in the industries and improve the quality of Electric Cars

Protection of solar electric car DC motor with PIC controller

The electric car may represent new opportunities for any country and its electric utilities. Widespread use of electric cars can reduce the consumption of both imported and domestic oil, substitute abundant fuels such as coal and nuclear power. Since the charging of electric cars DC motor can be accomplished to a large extent during utility off-peak hours, electric cars can contribute to improve the utility load factors, as a result, reducing the average cost of generation. The problem arising when the DC motor does not stop automatically due to the abnormal condition and cause the loss of energy and the damages to the motor itself. This paper is mainly about controlling ON and OFF of Electric Car DC motor when the load is sharply varied. In this study, the DC motor is connected to the current sensor interfaced with the PIC controller and a booster IC is used to boost 12V to 24V from a rechargeable battery which is supplied by a solar panel. The PIC is utilized for automatically stopping the DC motor in order to save the Electric Car and reduce the lost of energies. The Microcode Studio software has been used for PIC coding incorporating with the Protues 7.5 simulation. Since the DC motor is being used extensively in machineries and vehicles, the proposed controlling system in this paper could reduce the cost in the industries and improve the quality of Electric Cars