Caracterização de Fitofisionomias Urbanas Usando NDVI em Imagens de Satélite e Software Livre

These paper reports applications using satellite images to the identification of vegetation types in the Campo Grande city. This identification allows studies of urban vegetation, palynology and environmental changes. Images from Landsat 8 and Rapideye satellites from the Campo Grande urban area were used. A soil coverage map was done for each one of the seven sub-regions. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was applied. In addition, a field survey was carried out to confirm the vegetation types sites through satellite images. Satellite images and in situ data validation allowed the distinction of the following features: water, urban structure, herbaceous, open and dense vegetation. For the identification of urban vegetation, Rapideye images were the most suitable for this type of study. The Rapideye satellite sensor detected 6.55% more dense vegetation area than Landsat 8 images

Plant Structure Analysis of Cerrado Fragments by Remote Sensing

With the development of society to preserve the environment becomes essential. Biodiversity is a resource that has strategic value and is related to the territorial heterogeneity. The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity resulting biotic and abiotic changes in the remaining. The Cerrado occupied 23% of the Brazilian territory in the plains of the central plateau. Estimates indicates that the Cerrado will be completely destroyed in 2030. The environmental heterogeneity contributes to the high species richness and from the environmental services offering stands out the protection of water resources. This study aims to analyze the structural vegetation of 18 Cerrado fragments by multi-temporal composite applied to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index. Both indices were calculated using Landsat images 1985-2015 and a falsecolor composite was then generated to detect changes in vegetation cover. It was possible to detect changes in vegetation cover and moisture over time. The false-color multi-temporal combination proved to be a quick and easy way to locate the places where there have been changes in vegetation cover

Teoria e métodos do processo de inclusão educacional : visibilidade, materialidade, fragmentos e multiplicidade

-

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data