Hepatite Fulminante como Primeira Apresentação da Doença de Wilson

A doença de Wilson é uma rara patologia, porém, que engloba 6–12% dos pacientes com indicação de transplante hepático de urgência. As principais manifestações, além de hepáticas, são as neurológicas e psiquiátricas, sendo mais raro a evolução com hepatite fulminante sem sintomas neuropsiquiátricos. Apesar da urgência, o prognóstico para os pacientes pós-transplante é, em média, 85% de sobrevivência em cinco anos. Neste relato, é apresentado o caso de uma paciente  mulher, 18 anos de idade, com início de dor abdominal, icterícia e colúria com evolução para hepatite fulminante e necessidade de transplante hepático de urgência. A paciente evoluiu no pós-operatório com choque séptico devido encefalite herpética, úlcera duodenal com sangramento ativo e pseudoaneurisma de artéria hepática. Apesar das medidas para estabilização e solicitação, novamente, de um transplante, a paciente evoluiu para óbito

IL28B gene polymorphisms in mono- and HIV-coinfected chronic hepatitis C patients

Introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance were identified near the IL28B gene. Coinfection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) influences the course of HCV contributing to liver damage. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between these SNPs and HCV/HIV coinfection. Our aim was to estimate the relevance of the allelic and genotypic variants of the IL28B polymorphisms rs12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) on the establishment of HCV infection in HCV mono-infected and HCV/HIV coinfected patients. Methodology: A total of 199 non-infected controls and 230 patients with chronic hepatitis C, including 53 coinfected with HIV, participated in the study. Genotyping consisted of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and subsequent analysis of the restriction patterns resulting from exposure to endonucleases. Results: Among the controls with established results, 47.4% (90/190) exhibited the rs12979860 CC genotype, 43.7% CT, and 8.9% TT, whereas 29.1% (66/227), 51.5%, and 19.4% of the patients exhibited the CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. With respect to rs8099917, 66.8% (133/199) of the controls exhibited the TT genotype, 31.2% TG, and 2.0% GG, whereas 56.1% (129/230), 40.9%, and 3.0% of the patients exhibited the TT, TG, and GG genotypes, respectively. Conclusions: The frequencies of the rs12979860 C allele and CC genotype and of the rs8099917 T allele and TT genotype were significantly higher among controls compared with patients, thus confirming the suggested protective effect against HCV infection. No significant difference was observed in the genotype and allelic distributions between the mono- and coinfected patients

Direct antiviral therapy for treatment of hepatitis C: A real-world study from Brazil

Introduction and objectives: Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) including sofosbuvir (SOF), daclatasvir (DCV), simeprevir (SIM) and ombitasvir, paritaprevir and dasabuvir were introduced 2015 in Brazil for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aims of this study were to assess effectiveness and safety of HCV treatment with DAA in real-life world in a highly admixed population from Brazil. Materials and methods: All Brazilian reference centers for HCV treatment were invited to take part in a web-based registry, prospectively conducted by the Brazilian Society of Hepatology, to assess outcomes of HCV treatment in Brazil with DAAs. Data to be collected included demographics, disease severity and comorbidities, genotype (GT), viral load, DAA regimens, treatment side effects and sustained virological response (SVR). Results: 3939 patients (60% males, mean age 58 ± 10 years) throughout the country were evaluated. Most had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, GT1 and were treated with SOF/DCV or SOF/SIM. Overall SVR rates were higher than 95%. Subjects with decompensated cirrhosis, GT2 and GT3 have lower SVR rates of 85%, 90% and 91%, respectively. Cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis in GT1 and male sex and decompensated cirrhosis in GT3 were significantly associated with no SVR. Adverse events (AD) and serious AD occurred in 18% and 5% of those subjects, respectively, but less than 1% of patients required treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: SOF-based DAA regimens are effective and safe in the heterogeneous highly admixed Brazilian population and could remain an option for HCV treatment at least in low-income countries