Desempenho da mistura forrageira de aveia-preta mais azevém e atributos químicos do solo em função da aplicação de esterco líquido de suínos

A produção de matéria seca de pastagens anuais de inverno normalmente é baixa em virtude da limitação de nutrientes disponíveis no solo, a qual pode ser corrigida com o uso de esterco líquido de suínos (ELS). Realizou-se um experimento, de maio a novembro de 2003, visando avaliar a eficiência do esterco líquido de suínos sobre a produção de matéria seca e N-cobertura vegetal da mistura de aveia e azevém, bem como sobre alguns atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo constituído por quatro tratamentos, 0, 20, 40 e 80 m³ ha-1 de ELS, aplicados aos 48 e aos 116 dias após emergência das culturas. A aplicação de 80 m³ ha-1 resultou em aumento de 34 % de matéria seca acumulada em relação à testemunha. À medida que as doses de ELS foram aplicadas, houve aumento dos teores de N mineral apenas na camada de solo de 0-5 cm de profundidade. A aplicação de ELS influenciou o aumento dos teores de K no solo apenas na camada de 0-5 cm de profundidade e provocou aumento no pH e diminuição do Al3+ trocável até 20 cm de profundidade. Houve aumento na quantidade de N na cobertura vegetal conforme as doses de ELS aplicadas, com acréscimo de 0,09 mg dm-3 para cada m³ de ELS aplicado

Soil quality indicators in a rhodic kandiudult under different uses in northern Parana, Brazil

Sustainable use of soil, maintaining or improving its quality, is one of the goals of diversification in farmlands. From this point of view, bioindicators associated with C, N and P cycling can be used in assessments of land-use effects on soil quality. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical, microbiological and biochemical properties of soil associated with C, N and P under different land uses in a farm property with diversified activity in northern Parana, Brazil. Seven areas under different land uses were assessed: fragment of native Atlantic Forest; growing of peach-palm (Bactrys gasipaes); sugarcane ratoon (Saccharum officinarum) recently harvested, under renewal; growing of coffee (Coffea arabica) intercropped with tree species; recent reforestation (1 year) with native tree species, previously under annual crops; annual crops under no-tillage, rye (Cecale cereale); secondary forest, regenerated after abandonment (for 20 years) of an avocado (Persea americana) orchard. The soil under coffee, recent reforestation and secondary forest showed higher concentrations of organic carbon, but microbial biomass and enzyme activities were higher in soils under native forest and secondary forest, which also showed the lowest metabolic coefficient, followed by the peach-palm area. The lowest content of water-dispersible clay was found in the soil under native forest, differing from soils under sugarcane and secondary forest. Soil cover and soil use affected total organic C contents and soil enzyme and microbial activities, such that more intensive agricultural uses had deeper impacts on the indicators assessed. Calculation of the mean soil quality index showed that the secondary forest was closest to the fragment of native forest, followed by the peach-palm area, coffee-growing area, annual crop area, the area of recent reforestation and the sugarcane ratoon area