QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS AND DPPH RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTSOF FLOWER OF BAUHINIA ACUMINATA LINN

Objective: Bauhinia acuminate L (Fabaceae) is a species of flowering shrub native to tropical south eastern Asia. The flowerof B. acuminataare used against various skin diseases,worms, tumours and diabetes. The Indian vaiydas recommended as a remedy to treat severe biliousness.The qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in various extracts and the antioxidant potential of flower of Bauhinia acuminata were evaluated.Methods: All the analysis was done based on standard protocols.Results: The phytochemical screening reveals the presence of various primary and secondary metabolites like sugar, carbohydrate, amino acid, fat, quinone, steroids, phenol, saponin, alkaloids, and acid content. In quantitative analysis the important secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and phenolic compounds were estimated in all the extracts.The ethanol and chloroformextract produced significant antioxidant properties in a dose-dependent manner. DPPH free radical scavenging assay of ethanol and chloroform extracts of flower exhibited IC 50 values of 24.44±1.201μg/ml and 196.68±0.456μg/ml respectively. At 1000 μg/ml concentration both extracts shows maximum radical scavenging activity (98.97% and 85.67 %).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that this plant is medicinal with prominent antioxidant property

EVALUATION OF THE FOLK CLAIM AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVE PRINCIPLES IN BAUHINIA PHOENICEA LEAVES

ABSTRACTObjective: Bauhinia phoenicea, an endemic plant of western Ghats, using in traditional medicine against diabetes, skin allergies, fungal infections, andworm disturbances. To the best of our knowledge, any scientific studies on the medicinal properties of the leaves of this plant are not yet reported.Therefore, as the first step toward unraveling its medicinal property, bioactivity profiling, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)analysis were performed.Methods: The pharmacological activity profiling includes antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, and antioxidant property screening using crudeethanolic extract, which preliminary analyses its folk claim. GC-MS analysis performed to identify the pharmacologically active principles. All analyseswere performed according to standard protocols.Results: Ethanol extract of the leaves of B. phoenicea was assayed for the antimicrobial activity against 10 human pathogenic strains using welldiffusion assay. The extract showed a significant activity against all pathogens. A maximum zone of inhibition observed in Salmonella typhi in theirhigher concentration (500 µg/ml). The anthelmintic activity of crude drug evaluated on Indian adult earthworms Pheretima posthuma, exhibited dosedependentspontaneous mortality,and evokedresponsestopin prickand effectscomparedwith that of albendazole. The drug showedpotentantioxidantpropertyin 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylfreeradicalscavengingand superoxideanion scavengingassayswith half maximal inhibitoryconcentrationvalues92±0.92 and 62±1.34, respectively.The GC-MSanalysiswhichshowedthe presenceof 19 compounds including hexadecanoicacid and oleic acid.Conclusion: According to our results, it is concluded that leaf of B. phoenicea has significant antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant propertiessupporting the folk medicinal use of this species. The further procedures of isolation and characterization of active principles are in progress.Keywords: Bauhinia phoenicea, Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic, Antioxidant property and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY, CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTI-TUMOUR EFFICIENCY OF BAUHINIA PHOENICEA.

Objective: Bauhinia phoenicea Wight and Arn. is a medicinal plant endemic to Southern Western Ghats. In the traditional systems of medicine, it is using against various ailments including some oxidative disorders. Detailed studies on the pharmacological activities of this plant are not yet reported. Hence, this paper aimed to prove the efficacy of this plant as a natural antioxidant source.Methods: The sequential extracts of the dried leaf powder were assayed for an antioxidant property using 2,2 diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, in vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was screened using Trypan blue exclusion method. The antitumor activity of the selected fractions was studied using ascites tumor affected mice and noted the percentage of increase in lifespan.Results: The free radical scavenging activity of all extracts was increasing with increasing concentration of the drug, the least IC50 value was showed by ethanol fraction (41 μg/ml). The plant drug was not toxic to the normal cells and was highly toxic to tumor cell lines. Maximum in vitro cytotoxicity was observed in chloroform fraction (98% cell death at 100 mg/ml) and the least IC50 value was exhibited by the aqueous fraction (34 mg/ml). Both the aqueous and chloroform fractions increased the lifespan of ascites tumor bearing mice, aqueous fraction in 100 mg/ml concentration shows 71.9% increase in lifespan which is near to the result showed by the commercial anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (72.5%).Conclusion: According to our results, it is concluded that leaf of B. phoenicea has significant antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties supporting the folk medicinal use of this species. The further procedures of identification of pharmacological active principles are in progress

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTHELMINTIC POTENTIAL OF THE STEM & LEAVES OF WHITE ABRUS

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) appreciates the importance of medicinal plants for public health care in developing nations. White Abrus (Abrus precatorius Linn) have important role in traditional medicine, its seeds, bark, leaves and stem are medicinal. Objective: The potential of the leaves and stem of this plant as an antioxidant and anthelmintic agents were evaluated. Methods: All the analysis was done according to standard protocols. Results: The methanolic extract produced significant anthelmintic and antioxidant properties in a dose-dependent manner. DPPH free radical scavenging assay of leaf and stem exhibited IC 50 values of 275 ±0.83 μg/ml and 170 ± 0.90 μg/ml respectively. At 1000 μg/ml concentration both leaf and stem shows maximum radical scavenging activity (93 % & 98 %). Superoxide anion scavenging assay also resulted promising activity with IC 50 values 85± 0.83μg/ml and 80± 0.90μg/ml respectively for leaf and stem. The percentage scavenging of super oxide radical surged with the enhanced concentration of plant extracts. The maximum scavenging activity of plant extract was at 1000 μg/ml concentration, 80 % and 92% respectively in leaf and stem extracts. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and phenols in both stem and leaves that may be the reason for its biological properties. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that this plant is medicinal with prominent antioxidant and anthelmintic property

BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF SELECTED TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF KERALA

Objectives: Traditional medicines all over the world is revaluing nowadays by extensive research programs. To validate the traditional use, the active components in them need to be identified, characterized, and biologically evaluated. Stereospermum suaveolens, Hygrophila spinosa, and Naravelia zeylanica are important medicinal plants used by the ethnic people of Kerala against various ailments. The present study validates the ethnomedical uses of S. suaveolens, H. spinosa, and N. zeylanica by screening their antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant properties.Method: All the analyses were done according to standard protocols.Results: The ethanolic extracts of their useful parts were investigated for antimicrobial activity against 10 human pathogenic microorganisms. All the three plants had shown prominent antimicrobial activities, and S. suaveolens exhibits comparatively more antifungal activity in their higher concentration (500 μg/mL). Anthelmintic efficiency of the plants was screened using Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. All of them had shown significant activity, and the highest was observed in S. suaveolens leaves. Antioxidant potential of the plants was screened using 2,2 diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and superoxide anion scavenging assay. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, maximum radical scavenging was shown by S. suaveolens with IC50 value 61.6±2.3 μg/mL, and in superoxide anion scavenging assay, maximum activity was in N. zeylanica with IC50 value of 74.66±8.5 μg/mL.Conclusion: This study provides scientific evidence on the traditional use of S. suaveolens (leaves), H. spinosa (leaves), and N. zeylanica (aerial part) in treating microbial diseases, worm disturbances, and their potential as an antioxidant agent

FIRST STEP TOWARDS UNRAVELING THE MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF AN ENDEMIC TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, BAUHINIA PHOENICEA WIGHT AND ARN BARK

Objective: Bauhinia phoenicea Wight & Arn is a medicinal plant endemic to Western Ghats. In traditional medicine, it used against diabetes, skin allergies, fungal infections and worm disturbances. To the best of our knowledge, any scientific studies on the medicinal properties of this are not yet reported. Therefore, as a first step towards unraveling its medicinal property, bioactivity profiling was performed.Methods: Pharmacological activity profiling includes antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic and antioxidant property screening using crude ethanolic extract, which preliminary analyses its folk claim. Qualitative Phytochemical analysis performed to identify various valuable secondary metabolites. All the analysis were done according to standard protocolsResults: The present work focused on the evaluation of its folk claim. Ethanolic extract of bark of B. phoenicia assayed for antimicrobial activity against 10 human pathogenic strains. The extract showed significant activity against all pathogens. Maximum zone of inhibition observed in Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in their higher concentration (500µg/ml). The anthelmintic activity of crude drug evaluated on Indian adult earthworms Pheretima posthuma, exhibited dose dependent spontaneous mortality, and evoked responses to pin prick and effects compared with that of Albendazole. The ethanolic extract showed potent DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and super oxide anion scavenging properties with IC 50 values 90±0.92 and 64±0.5 respectively. The preliminary qualitative analysis of B. phoenicea bark indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, steroids and flavonoids.Conclusion: According to our results, it is concluded that bark of B. phoenicea has significant antimicrobial, anthelmintic and antioxidant properties supporting the folk medicinal use of this species. The further procedures of identification and isolation of the pharamacologically active principles are in progress.Â

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF A GARDEN PLANT STROBILANTHES HAMILTONIANA (STEUD.) BOSSER AND HEINE

Background of the Study: Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.) Bosser and Heine (Acanthaceae) is commonly used in the traditional systems of medicine against helminthiasis and spider bite poison. The plant is known as a garden plant, and medicinal properties of this plant are not yet reported.Objectives: The present study gives a first insight of antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant properties of S. hamiltoniana leaves.Methods: All the analysis was done according to standard protocols.Results: The ethanol extract of S. hamiltoniana produced significant antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties in a dose-dependent manner, which analyses its folk claim.Conclusion: This paper first reporting the medicinal properties of S. hamiltoniana leaves and the further procedures of identification and isolation of active principles is in progress

<span style="font-size: 17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Fd5683-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd5683-Identity-H;color:black">Hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:20.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;font-family:Fd5690-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd5690-Identity-H; color:black">Phyllanthus</span></i><span style="font-size:20.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;font-family:Fd5690-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd5690-Identity-H; color:black"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">amarus </i><span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Fd5683-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd5683-Identity-H;color:black">Schum <span style="font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Fd774952-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd774952-Identity-H;color:black">& <span style="font-size:17.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Fd5683-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd5683-Identity-H;color:black">Thonn on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats and its relation with antioxidant potential </span></span></span></span></span>

905-909<span style="font-size: 14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">Methanolic extract of <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">P. <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd429390-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd429390-Identity-H; color:black">amarus<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd429390-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd429390-Identity-H; color:black"> <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; color:black">was found to have potential anti-oxidant activity as it could inhibit lipid peroxidation, and scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd429390-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd429390-Identity-H;color:black">in vitro. <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">The amount required for <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">50% <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">inhibition of lipid peroxide formation was <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; color:black">104<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">µ<span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">g/ml and the concentrations needed to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">117 <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">and <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">19 µ<span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; color:black">g/ml respectively. The extract was found to reduce the blood sugar in alloxan diabetic rats at <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; color:black">4th <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; color:black">hr by <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; color:black">6% <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt; font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; color:black">at a dose level of <span style="font-size:15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">200 <span style="font-size:14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">mg/kg body wt and <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">18.7% <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">at a concentration of <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">1000 <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">mg/kg body wt. Continued administration of the extract for <span style="font-size:15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">15 <span style="font-size:14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family: Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">days produced significant <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">(P < 0.001) <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">reduction in blood sugar . On <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family: Fd189931-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">18th <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">day after alloxan administration values were almost similar to normal in the group taking <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd189931-Identity-H;color:black">1000 <span style="font-size:14.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd487971-Identity-H;color:black">mg/kg body wt. </span