3 research outputs found

    Comparison of Pharmacy Student’s and Other Students’ Attitude towards Ethical Issues in Professional Practices: A Case of Community Pharmacist

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    Objective: To compare pharmacy student’s and other students’ attitudetowards ethical issues in professional practices of community pharmacists.Methods: Data were collected from third and fifth year students inpharmacy school, and second and fourth year students in other schools,from 3 universities. Using the self-administered questionnaire, they wereasked to give their opinion from strongly disagree “0” to strongly agree “10”towards a case study related to pharmacy professional ethics of communitypharmacist. The data were collected during January to February 2007.Results: The sample included 255 pharmacy students and 266 studentsfrom other schools. The results revealed that samples did not agree withthe decision of the community pharmacist in the pharmacy practice casestudy. Pharmacy students’ did not agree with the case (1.2 1.9) ratherthan those of other students (2.4 2.8) significantly (P < 0.001). Mostsubjects reflected that practice of the pharmacist affects both patients andsociety since non-pharmacist dispenses the medicine. Although studentsdid not agree with the pharmacist practice, more than 60% of themaccepted the practice with a reason of “the pharmacist respects the rulethat a pharmacist has a duty to control drug dispensing in a drug store.”Conclusion: Students’ attitude and acceptance towards ethical issues incommunity pharmacy practice were separated. The students did not takeinto account the purpose of law or pharmacy ethic code in their response.Therefore, academic sectors must focus on developing students’ criticalthinking ability.Keywords: professional ethics, community pharmacy, pharmacy students,pharmacy professio

    Survey on Trained Pharmacists’ Practice in Smoking Cessation Counseling - āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļ­āļēāļŠāļēāļžāļēāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ

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    Objective: To describe and evaluate the practice of smoking cessation counseling of pharmacists who had been trained in the Thai Pharmacy Network for Tobacco Control (TPNTC) and continued such counseling service.Methods: This descriptive survey study was conducted during December 2008 and February 2009. Sample was all 741 pharmacists trained in the TPNTC program. The mailed questionnaire asked about resulting smoking status of the participating smokers, and  characteristics of the practice.Results: Of 270 returned questionnaires, only 166 pharmacists continued the smoking cessation counseling. Forty-eighty percents had been providing the service at least for 24 months. The first two TPNCT counseling programs these pharmacists had taken were the one-day and two-day programs (56.6% and 68.7% respectively). Most pharmacists used smoking cessation pamphlet to promote the service (88.6%) and all of them used it as a tool during the counseling session. Most pharmacists (72.8%) offered smoking cessation products plus behavioral support. Such products included nicotine replacement, bupropion and nortriptyline (66.9%, 48.4% and 35.0%, respectively). By average, 14.6 ( 22.7) persons received the service per year. There were 1.7 ( 3.5) persons per year who were abstinent at least for 1 month. Among pharmacists with at least 12-month service, 11.6% and 10.0%, of their clients were abstinent for 1 month and 1 year respectively.Conclusion: Half of the trained pharmacists continued smoking cessation counseling at least for 24 months. The majorities used pamphlet and behavioral support. Abstinence rate was not high.Keywords: pharmacists, cigarette, smoking cessation, practice, counseling āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒ: āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļ­āļēāļŠāļēāļžāļēāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ“āļ™āļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ 2551 āļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļļāļĄāļ āļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒ 2552 āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” 741 āļ„āļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™ āļ–āļēāļĄāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĢāļĐāļ“āļĩāļĒāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļˆāļēāļāđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļ­āļšāļāļĨāļąāļš 270 āļ‰āļšāļąāļš āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ 166 āļ„āļ™ āļžāļšāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 54.8 āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆ 24 āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļđāļ•āļĢāđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” 2 āļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļšāđāļĢāļāļˆāļēāļ 5 āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļđāļ•āļĢ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ„āļģāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļ™āļ°āļ™āļģāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļđāļ•āļĢ 1āđāļĨāļ° 2 āļ§āļąāļ™ (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 56.6 āđāļĨāļ° 68.7 āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš) āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 88.6 āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļžāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļžāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ“āļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 72.8 āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļ­āļ”āļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļģāļšāļąāļ” āļĒāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŦāļĄāļēāļāļāļĢāļąāļ‡āđˆ āļ—āļ”āđāļ—āļ™āļ™āļīāđ‚āļ„āļ•āļīāļ™ āļ•āļēāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĒāļē bupropion āđāļĨāļ° nortriptyline (āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 66.9, 48.4āđāļĨāļ° 35.0 āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš) āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒ 14.6 ( 22.7) āļĢāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĩ āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļēāļ™ 1 āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒ 1.7 ( 3.5) āļĢāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĩ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆ 12 āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ› āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļĨāļīāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļēāļ™ 1 āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™ āđāļĨāļ° 1āļ›āļĩ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 11.6 āđāļĨāļ° 10.0 āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āļŠāļĢāļļāļ›: āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“āļ„āļĢāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ™ 24 āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļžāļąāļšāđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļšāļģāļšāļąāļ” āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļđāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢ, āļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ, āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļšāļļāļŦāļĢāļĩāđˆ, āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™, āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļģāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļ™āļ°āļ™

    Polyethylene Glycol on Stability of Chitosan Microparticulate Carrier for Protein

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    Stability enhancement of protein-loaded chitosan microparticles under storage was investigated. Chitosan glutamate at 35 kDa and bovine serum albumin as model protein drug were used in this study. The chitosan microparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation, and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) was applied after the formation of the particles. All chitosan microparticles were kept at 25°C for 28 days. A comparison was made between those preparations with PEG 200 and without PEG 200. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the microparticles such as size, zeta potential, pH, and percent loading capacity were investigated after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of storage. It was found that the stability decreased upon storage and the aggregation of microparticles could be observed for both preparations. The reduction in the zeta potential and the increase in the pH, size, and loading capacity were observed when they were kept at a longer period. The significant change of those preparations without PEG 200 was evident after 7 days of storage whereas those with PEG 200 underwent smaller changes with enhanced stability after 28 days of storage. Therefore, this investigation gave valuable information on the stability enhancement of the microparticles. Hence, enhanced stability of chitosan glutamate microparticles for the delivery of protein could be achieved by the application of PEG 200
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