APPLYING SMED/QCO TOOL TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY AT SCREWING STATION OF HFR ASSEMBLY – A STUDY AT ROBERT BOSCH (I) LIMITED

Nowadays the industrial product market is increasingly demanding more customized and quality products, forcing the manufacturers to cut down the price, in order to survive in the highly competitive product market. Working on this, Robert Bosch INdia (RBIN) Limited, Bangalore Plant (BanP) designs and produces Diesel systems which make vehicles more cleaner and economical. Bosch has to manufacture products as per the demands of every customer, economically, to maintain being the world’s leading manufacturer of diesel injection systems. Fuel Injection Equipment in diesel engine is the “Heart of the Engine” and plays a major role in its performance, emissions and reliability. Hot Forged Rail (HFR) finds its application in common rail fuel injection system, which stores the fuel at high pressure (1600bar). And at the same time, the pressure oscillation, which is generated due to the high pressure pump delivery and the injection of fuel are damped by the rail volume. Its design varies according to customer requirement and engine design. Therefore, BanP has to produce different types of rails to compete the diesel market in India. In order to be customer centric and productive, BOSCH follows Bosch Production Systems (BPS), the elements of BPS in Lean manufacturing are Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Value Stream Design (VSD) and Value Stream Planning (VSP). The Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) is one important lean manufacturing tool to reduce waste and improve production flexibility, allowing lot size reduction and manufacturing flow improvements. Quick Change over (QCO) is a set of activities (preparation, changing and adjustment) which are being carried out in between the production of two varieties to reduce changeover time and to reach the optimum production running. The proposed SMED approach was tested for screwing machines changeovers and the implementation had enabled reduction in setup time, through company’s internal resources without the need for significant investment. The objective of the present study is to implement the SMED/QCO tool approach in RBIN, BanP, HFR production line at screwing station to reduce the changeover time by 90% and improve availability by \u3e42%, thereby eliminating the possibility of investing on new production line to meet customer demand

Experimental Analysis of Viscoelastic Properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone based Magnetorheological Elastomer

Magnetorheological Elastomers (MRE) endure a change in mechanical properties with the application of an externally applied magnetic field. It consists of an elastomeric matrix reinforced with ferromagnetic powdered particles. This paper focuses on the investigation of viscoelastic properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone based isotropic MRE in sandwich beam configuration by varying the volume percentage of Carbonyl Iron Powdered (CIP) reinforcement. Viscoelastic properties of the MRE core material were calculated by following the ASTM E756-05 standard. The magnetic field was applied by employing a Halbach array which was numerically analyzed using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM). The magnetic field was varied up to 0.15 T. Loss factor and shear modulus were found to be strongly influenced by the percentage content of CIP. The loss factor and shear modulus of 30% MRE at 0.15 T were higher than other tested samples. The variation of natural frequency with respect to the addition of CIP was validated numerically using Modal analysis conducted in Hyperworks

Moral judgement and student motivation in Moral Education

This study investigated the level of moral judgment, and the motivation of Moral Education (ME) students in secondary schools with a sample of 1104 ME students aged 14 to 16 years old. Findings of this study showed that over half (53.4%) of ME students were in the immature level of moral judgement (M = 273.00, SD = 31.44) and the rest were at the mature level. Female students had a significantly higher moral judgement than male students (t (1102) = -2.785, p < 0.01). A significant age group differences in level of moral judgement (F (2, 1101) = 4.205, p= 0.015) was found between 14 and 16 years old students. With regards to motivation in ME (F (2, 1101) =11.69, p = 0.00), a significant relationshipwas found between students aged 14 and 16 years. In addition, a significant relationship between moral judgment and the amotivation, external, introjected and identified motivation was identified through this study. In conclusion, this study suggests that although ME plays a role in raising the student's moral judgement, students are still low in terms of achieving moral judgment. The implication is that more attention should be given to ME to further enhance student's moral judgement and more importantly the results of the study provide awareness on the need to reinforce moral judgement and motivation

Computer-Aided Detection of Skin Cancer Detection from Lesion Images via Deep-Learning Techniques

More and more genetic and metabolic abnormalities are now known to cause cancer, which is typically fatal. Any particular body part may become infected by cancerous cells, which can be fatal. One of the most prevalent types of cancer is skin cancer, which is spreading worldwide.The primary subtypes of skin cancer are squamous and basal cell carcinomas, as well as melanoma, which is clinically aggressive and accounts for the majority of fatalities. Screening for skin cancer is so crucial.Deep Learning is one of the best options to quickly and precisely diagnose skin cancer (DL).This study used the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) deep learning technique to distinguish between the two primary types of cancers, malignant and benign, using the ISIC2018 dataset. The 3533 skin lesions in this dataset range from benign to malignant, and nonmelanocytic to melanocytic malignancies. The images were initially enhanced and edited using ESRGAN. The preprocessing stage involved resizing, normalising, and augmenting the images. By combining the results of numerous repetitions, the CNN approach might be used to categorise images of skin lesions. Several transfer learning models, such as Resnet50, InceptionV3, and Inception Resnet, were then used for fine-tuning. The uniqueness and contribution of this study are the preprocessing stages using ESRGAN and the testing of various models (including the intended CNN, Resnet50, InceptionV3, and Inception Resnet). Results from the model we developed matched those from the pretrained model exactly. The efficiency of the suggested strategy was proved by simulations using the ISIC 2018 skin lesion dataset. In terms of accuracy, the CNN model performed better than the Resnet50 (83.7%), InceptionV3 (85.8%), and Inception Resnet (84%) models

Malignant struma ovarii-A rare ovarian tumor

We describe a case of 48yr old woman with malignant struma ovarii involving one ovary. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy was performed with histopatholgy revealing malignant struma ovary, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma

A Novel Preservation-cum-Unhairing Process for Sustainable Leather Manufacturing: An Unconventional Approach in Leather Making

Content: Preservation (or) curing is an important unit process for transportation and storage of raw hides/skins without any deterioration. Popular preservation process is mostly achieved by reducing the moisture content of hides/skins using common salt (NaCl). Usage of salt in preservation process leads to generation of large amount of contaminated salt, total dissolved solids (TDS) and consume huge amount of water for subsequent rehydration step. On the other hand, lime-sodium sulphide based reductive process is commonly employed for the removal of hair from hides/skins. This process leads to generation of lime sludge and possible evolution of toxic hydrogen sulphide gas thereby making the working atmosphere more unpleasant. Several alternative techniques for preservation as well as unhairing process have been developed individually to replace salt and sulfide, respectively. However, a single compound performing dual functions such as preservation and unhairing action in neutral pH conditions has not explored so far. In the present work, a novel formulation has been developed, which possess the both preservation and unhairing potential, and applied on the hides/skins for storage up to 6 months at ambient conditions without dehydration. Low level of sulphide was used during alkaline fiber opening for complete removal of hair. The strength and organoleptic properties are on par with salted skins/hides. The developed process completely eliminates the use of salt and 75% sulphide and also reduces the time and water required for soaking process. The developed system reduces 85% of pollution load discharged from soaking and unhairing processes. Take-Away: One pot system for salt free preservation and low sulfide dehairing for sustainable leather manufacture

Growth and development of children living with human immunodeficiency virus in South India a comparative study

Background: Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (CLHIV) are physically stunted and underweight compared&nbsp;to normal children. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the physical growth (height, weight, and body mass&nbsp;index [BMI]) of children infected with HIV according to age, gender, sociodemographic factors, antiretroviral therapy (ART),&nbsp;and health status and to compare their physical growth with two other groups, i.e., exposed uninfected children and unexposed&nbsp;uninfected children and to determine the extent of growth retardation and the effect of ART on the reversal of growth retardation.&nbsp;Materials and Methods: A 3-year study on growth and development of CLHIV was conducted at Action, Service, Hope Foundation,&nbsp;a non-governmental institution working in the field of HIV/AIDS. Three groups of children were compared - 63 CLHIV, 98 exposed&nbsp;uninfected children, and 70 unexposed uninfected children. Their nutritional status in terms of weight for age, height for age, BMI,&nbsp;sexual maturity, hemoglobin, and serum albumin were compared. Results: Among CLHIV, 28.1% of children were underweight&nbsp;with Z score of &lt;−2, compared to 12.5% of exposed uninfected children, and 14.3% unexposed uninfected children. Height for&nbsp;age Z scores showed 29.8% were stunted with Z score &lt;−2 among CLHIV, with 16.7% and 11.4% among the exposed uninfected&nbsp;and unexposed uninfected, respectively. Statistically significant difference was also observed in Tanner’s sexual maturity with&nbsp;CLHIV showing slower sexual maturation. The incidence of anemia was highest among CLHIV and slightly higher in those on&nbsp;ART. Conclusions: This study shows that CLHIV are comparatively more stunted heightwise and have decreased weight for age,&nbsp;delayed sexual maturation, and more significant anemia when compared to exposed uninfected children and unexposed uninfected&nbsp;children. This physical growth retardation is not reversed completely by addition of ART