IN VITRO STUDY ON RELEASE OF BIOACTIVE ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS BY CERTAIN PROMISING PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS

Objective: The antimicrobial activity and Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus species were evaluated. The antimicrobial compound of potent antimicrobial probiotic Lactobacillus was purified by column chromatography and its nature and stability were determined.Methods: This investigation was performed with few Lactobacillus strains of ATCC and MTCC along with certain strains isolated from different dairy sources. They were evaluated for their probiotics properties (acid tolerance, bile tolerance, bile salt hydrolase activity, cell autoaggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity and haemolytic behaviour). Agar well diffusion method was used to screen their potency to release bioactive compound against several pathogens. This potent antimicrobial compound was purified by chromatography as well as its molecular mass was estimated by following SDS-PAGE. Finally, the stability of the compound was determined against various ranges of temperature and pH.Results: Among all Lactobacillus strains, R1 was found to be a potent probiotic strain as well as cell free supernatant (CFS) of R1 showed more strong antagonistic effect against most of the pathogens. Carbohydrate fermentation and physiological characterization of strain R1 matched with Lactobacillus fermentum as per Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The molecular mass of the purified fraction was estimated at approximately 25 kDa and could be stable after heat treatment of 100 °C for 30 min and pH range of 4.5-7.0Conclusion: R1 showed highest antimicrobial activity while it has been found as Lactobacillus fermentum. It is due to the release of a bioactive compound having a molecular mass of 25 kDa.Â

Comparison of natural frequencies of isotropic plate using DSM with Wittrick-Williams algorithm

In this paper, comparison of natural undamped frequencies of isotropic plates are investigated by using the dynamics stiffness element for isotropic plates. The DS Matrix for isotropic has been formulated by the application of classical plate theory. The generalized DS matrix has to solve by using Wittrick-Williams algorithm. Results of different aspect ratio have been validated from the existing literature

A Cloud Based Secure Voting System using Homomorphic Encryption for Android Platform

Cloud based service provider are at its top of its services for various applications, as their services are very much reachable from anywhere anytime in current days. It is responsibility of the company that the Cloud storage is owned and maintained by themselves keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment protected and running. Could storage provider seem to be uncertain of confidentiality in many cases, as we need to limit ourselves on trust to a third party. Keeping our sensitive data ready to access any time anywhere with preventing any information leakage is a challenging task. Cryptography in this scenario plays an important role, providing security for information to protect valuable information resources on intranets, Internet and the cloud. In addition, Homomorphic cryptosystem is a form of Cryptography where some specific computation can be performed over the cipher text producing a resultant cipher text which, when decrypted, equals the result of operations carry out on the plaintext. With help of this unique property of homomorphism cryptography we proposed a system to keep sensitive information in encrypted form in the cloud storage/service provider and used those data as whenever we require. The scheme proposed here is designed for a secure online voting system on Android platform and voted information is encrypted and stored those in the cloud

Does ischemic preconditioning preoperatively reduce postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in total knee arthroplasty?

Background: Osteoarthritis of knee is one of the most commonly affecting condition affecting the activities of daily living in the middle age group Indian and Asian population. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed for pain relief and improvement in mobility of individuals is associated with significant post-operative pain. Ischemic preconditioning is one of the non-pharmacologic methods of reduction in postoperative pain using variable periods of tourniquet induced ischaemia which has limited data in literature.Methods: Sample size (n=30) was taken. A standard automatic pneumatic tourniquet was used while performing ischemic preconditioning of the limb prior to TKA and during surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with p values <0.05 considered significant. Standard postoperative analgesia as per hospital protocol was given to patients.Results: The mean 6 hour postoperative and 48-hr postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score at rest is significantly higher compared to mean preoperative VAS score at rest (p<0.01 for both). The distribution of mean preoperative and 24 hour postoperative VAS score at rest did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The mean % change in postoperative period compared to preoperative VAS at rest was 47.06%.Conclusions: In this study, the effect of preconditioning over postoperative pain relief was not consistent. Although the patient reported pain scores were low at 6th and 24th postoperative hour, the effect at 48th postoperative hour was not satisfactory. Studies with larger sample size required for better understanding of ischemic preconditioning

Atmospheric water vapor condensation on engineered interfaces: Busting the myths

Condensing atmospheric water vapor on surfaces is a sustainable approach to potentially address the potable water crisis. However, despite extensive research, a key question remains: what is the physical mechanism governing the condensation from humid air and how significantly does it differ from pure steam condensation? The answer may help define an optimal combination of the mode and mechanism of condensation as well as the surface wettability for best possible water harvesting efficacy. Here we show that this lack of clarity is due to the differences in heat transfer characteristics during condensation from pure vapor and humid air environments. Specifically, during condensation from humid air, the thermal resistance across the condensate is non-dominant and the energy transfer is controlled by vapor diffusion and condensate drainage. This leads to filmwise condensation on superhydrophilic surfaces, offering the highest water collection efficiency. To demonstrate this, we measured condensation rate on different sets of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces in a wide degree of subcooling (10 - 26 C) and humidity-ratio differences (5 - 45 g/kg of dry air). The resulting condensation rate is enhanced by 57 - 333 % on the superhydrophilic surfaces as compared to the superhydrophobic ones. The findings of this study challenges the nearly century-old scientific ambiguity about the mechanism of vapor condensation from humid air. Our findings will lead to the design of efficient atmospheric water harvesting systems

Preferred Mode of Atmospheric Water Vapor Condensation on Nanoengineered Surfaces: Dropwise or Filmwise?

Condensing atmospheric water vapor on surfaces is a sustainable approach to addressing the potable water crisis. However, despite extensive research, a key question remains: what is the optimal combination of the mode and mechanism of condensation as well as the surface wettability for the best possible water harvesting efficacy? Here, we show how various modes of condensation fare differently in a humid air environment. During condensation from humid air, it is important to note that the thermal resistance across the condensate is nondominant, and the energy transfer is controlled by vapor diffusion across the boundary layer and condensate drainage from the condenser surface. This implies that, unlike condensation from pure steam, filmwise condensation from humid air would exhibit the highest water collection efficiency on superhydrophilic surfaces. To demonstrate this, we measured the condensation rates on different sets of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces that were cooled below the dew points using a Peltier cooler. Experiments were performed over a wide range of degrees of subcooling (10–26 °C) and humidity-ratio differences (5–45 g/kg of dry air). Depending upon the thermodynamic parameters, the condensation rate is found to be 57–333% higher on the superhydrophilic surfaces compared to the superhydrophobic ones. The findings of the study dispel ambiguity about the preferred mode of vapor condensation from humid air on wettability-engineered surfaces and lead to the design of efficient atmospheric water harvesting systems

The Band Gap in Silicon Nanocrystallites

The gap in semiconductor nanocrystallites has been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally over the last two decades. We have compared a recent ``state-of-the-art'' theoretical calculation with a recent ``state-of-the-art'' experimental observation of the gap in Si nanocrystallite. We find that the two are in substantial disagreement, with the disagreement being more pronounced at smaller sizes. Theoretical calculations appear to over-estimate the gap. Recognizing that the experimental observations are for a distribution of crystallite sizes, we proffer a phenomenological model to reconcile the theory with the experiment. We suggest that similar considerations must dictate comparisons between the theory and experiment vis-a-vis other properties such as radiative rate, decay constant, absorption coefficient, etc.Comment: 5 pages, latex, 2 figures. (Submitted Physical Review B

Phishing Detection using Base Classifier and Ensemble Technique

Phishing attacks continue to pose a significant threat in today's digital landscape, with both individuals and organizations falling victim to these attacks on a regular basis. One of the primary methods used to carry out phishing attacks is through the use of phishing websites, which are designed to look like legitimate sites in order to trick users into giving away their personal information, including sensitive data such as credit card details and passwords. This research paper proposes a model that utilizes several benchmark classifiers, including LR, Bagging, RF, K-NN, DT, SVM, and Adaboost, to accurately identify and classify phishing websites based on accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and confusion matrix. Additionally, a meta-learner and stacking model were combined to identify phishing websites in existing systems. The proposed ensemble learning approach using stack-based meta-learners proved to be highly effective in identifying both legitimate and phishing websites, achieving an accuracy rate of up to 97.19%, with precision, recall, and f1 scores of 97%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Thus, it is recommended that ensemble learning, particularly with stacking and its meta-learner variations, be implemented to detect and prevent phishing attacks and other digital cyber threats

A scientometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound

Background Diagnostic ultrasound has long been a part of a physician’s armamentarium, but transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging treatment of neurological disorders. Consequently, the literature in this field is increasing at a rapid pace.ObjectiveThis analysis was aimed to identify the top-cited articles on FUS to discern their origin, spread, current trends highlighting future impact of this novel neurosurgical intervention.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science database on 28th May 2021 and identified the top 100 cited articles. These articles were analyzed with various scientometric parameters like the authors, corresponding authors, country of corresponding author, journal of publication, year of publication. Citation based parameters including total citations, mean citations per article and mean citations, citation count, and the citation per year, citations per year and co-authors per document were studied as well in addition to Hirsch h-index, g-index, m-index, Bradford’s Law, Lotka’s law and Collaboration index.ResultsThe 100 top-cited articles were published between 1998 and 2019 in 45 different journals. The average citations per document and citations per document per year were 97.78 and 12.47, respectively. The most prolific authors were Hynynen K (Medical Biophysics—Toronto), Elias WJ (Neurosurgery—Virginia), Zadicario (InSightec). The Journal of Neurosurgery published the most top-cited articles (n = 11), and most articles originated from the United States, followed by Canada. Among individual institutions, the University of Toronto was the most productive. Conclusion FUS is an emerging treatment of neurological disorders. With its increasing application, the FUS literature is increasing rapidly. Eleven countries contributed to the top 100 cited articles, with the top 2 countries (the United States and Canada) contributing to more than half of these articles