Inclusive growth: Building up a concept

[Introduction] Inclusive growth has become a central concern in the development literature and in policymaking in many countries. However, the literature presents several different definitions of inclusive growth, which do not converge to a consensus on the concept, let alone one on how to operationalise it sensibly. The concept of inclusive growth came to light in the context of an unfolding shift in development thinking away from seeing equity either as a toll on growth or as a byproduct of growth only setting in after a certain period during which it is eschewed in favour of growth, towards an understanding, albeit not unanimous, that not only is growth with equity possible, but also growth and poverty and inequality reduction can be instrumental to each other. This shift was the result of the progression of development thinking largely grounded on the developmental experiences of those countries that entered the second half of the 20th century outside the select group of developed countries. The process involved a collection of distinct yet somewhat concatenated developments in the understanding of the interaction of growth, poverty and inequality. The next section briefly addresses the changes in development thinking within which the emergence of the concept of inclusive growth is situated. The following section brings an overview of the debate on the concept of pro-poor growth. The section after that presents the debate on the concept of inclusive growth. Following that there is a section addressing attempts to measuring inclusive growth. Finally, the last section highlights the state of the debate on the concept of inclusive growth and indicates key issues that need to be addressed to take it further

Transitory Ownership: A Spatial Analysis of the Financialization of the Housing Market in Cincinnati, OH

The mortgage bubble that burst in 2007 created an economic environment where many housing properties were transferred from individual households to investors hoping for quick profits with minimal investment. These properties were traded among investors, businesses, and lenders; they acquired a market identity as financial assets; and many of these properties were acquired by “out-of-area” interests. This study examines properties purchased by out-of-area interests that were sold in 2009 within the City of Cincinnati in an attempt to identify the spatial implications of the financialization of this housing stock. The analysis finds that many of these properties were sold multiple times, clustered in economically distressed neighborhoods, and associated with urban distress and decline. This study also suggests that research focusing on the causes and consequences of the financialization of housing stock should be considered when devising effective policy options

Mapping inclusive growth

[Introduction ...] Building on the ongoing debate on inclusive growth, we provide an empirical analysis of changes in inclusiveness in 43 developing countries from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. The analysis includes three core aspects of inclusiveness: poverty and inequality as outcome dimensions and employment as a dimension pertaining more centrally to process but also accounting for outcome. By mapping changes in inclusiveness, the analysis offers a window onto recent transformations in the developing world

Formação sociopolítica: um estudo sobre as experiências do NESSOP

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de Serviço SocialO presente estudo tem como tema as atividades de formação sociopolítica realizadas pelo NESSOP no período compreendido entre 2005 e 2010. Através da análise de cinco experiências selecionadas objetivamos identificar as contribuições que estes processos de formação trouxeram a seus participantes enquanto sujeitos sociais. Para tanto partimos de concepções e estudos sobre Educação Não-Formal e Educação Popular, identificando em que medida orientam e fundamentam os projetos de formação do Núcleo. Posteriormente realizamos um breve resgate histórico do Serviço Social com o objetivo de conhecer o posicionamento da profissão face ao seu caráter sócio-educativo desde sua origem até os dias atuais. Em seguida relatamos as experiências de formação do NESSOP, identificando conteúdos, metodologias didático pedagógicas, número de participantes e as avaliações dos coordenadores. Diante do objetivo do trabalhado tornou-se fundamental, para que se possa fazer qualquer afirmação quanto as contribuições das experiências de formação, a realização de entrevistas junto aos sujeitos participantes dos projetos. Na análise dos depoimentos destes sujeitos constatamos que as atividades contribuíram para ampliar o universo de significado dos participantes no contexto social em que atuam e estão inseridos, ou seja, contribuiu para a construção da consciência crítica. Todavia, foram identificados aspectos a serem qualificados, que são apresentados nas considerações finais

Witnessing Non-Classicality in a Simple Causal Structure with Three Observable Variables

Seen from the modern lens of causal inference, Bell's theorem is nothing else than the proof that a specific classical causal model cannot explain quantum correlations. It is thus natural to move beyond Bell's paradigmatic scenario and consider different causal structures. For the specific case of three observable variables, it is known that there are three non-trivial causal networks. Two of those, are known to give rise to quantum non-classicality: the instrumental and the triangle scenarios. Here we analyze the third and remaining one, which we name the Evans scenario, akin to the causal structure underlying the entanglement-swapping experiment. We prove a number of results about this elusive scenario and introduce new and efficient computational tools for its analysis that also can be adapted to deal with more general causal structures. We do not solve its main open problem -- whether quantum non-classical correlations can arise from it -- but give a significant step in this direction by proving that post-quantum correlations, analogous to the paradigmatic Popescu-Rohrlich box, do violate the constraints imposed by a classical description of Evans causal structure.Comment: 16 pages and 6 figure

Quantifying Quantum Causal Influences

Causal influences are at the core of any empirical science, the reason why its quantification is of paramount relevance for the mathematical theory of causality and applications. Quantum correlations, however, challenge our notion of cause and effect, implying that tools and concepts developed over the years having in mind a classical world, have to be reevaluated in the presence of quantum effects. Here, we propose the quantum version of the most common causality quantifier, the average causal effect (ACE), measuring how much a target quantum system is changed by interventions on its presumed cause. Not only it offers an innate manner to quantify causation in two-qubit gates but also in alternative quantum computation models such as the measurement-based version, suggesting that causality can be used as a proxy for optimizing quantum algorithms. Considering quantum teleportation, we show that any pure entangled state offers an advantage in terms of causal effects as compared to separable states. This broadness of different uses showcases that, just as in the classical case, the quantification of causal influence has foundational and applied consequences and can lead to a yet totally unexplored tool for quantum information science.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Comments welcome

Quantum communication complexity beyond Bell nonlocality

Efficient distributed computing offers a scalable strategy for solving resource-demanding tasks such as parallel computation and circuit optimisation. Crucially, the communication overhead introduced by the allotment process should be minimised -- a key motivation behind the communication complexity problem (CCP). Quantum resources are well-suited to this task, offering clear strategies that can outperform classical counterparts. Furthermore, the connection between quantum CCPs and nonlocality provides an information-theoretic insights into fundamental quantum mechanics. Here we connect quantum CCPs with a generalised nonlocality framework -- beyond the paradigmatic Bell's theorem -- by incorporating the underlying causal structure, which governs the distributed task, into a so-called nonlocal hidden variable model. We prove that a new class of communication complexity tasks can be associated to Bell-like inequalities, whose violation is both necessary and sufficient for a quantum gain. We experimentally implement a multipartite CCP akin to the guess-your-neighbour-input scenario, and demonstrate a quantum advantage when multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are shared among three users.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure