Awareness regarding the strategies to bring down the pandemic among general population: a questionnaire based study

Background: The behavior of the general public will likely have an important effect on how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic spreads, especially when the first wave is diminishing. The aim of the study is to determine the awareness regarding the strategies to bring down the pandemic among the general population of Tamil Nadu in South India.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey conducted in October 2020. A sample of consenting 500 adult, healthy caregivers of patients attending a tertiary medical institute who were representative of the general population formed the study group. They filled a pre-formed questionnaire. All data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS (version 24). Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were performed between the various sociodemographic factors of age, gender, occupation, and education, and COVID-19 exposure in the family. P≤0.05 was taken to be significant.Results: It was observed that age had a significant influence on the wearing of masks and the use of hand sanitizer. Gender, age and education are the important determinants for use of hand sanitizer, wearing a mask, practicing social distancing, avoid traveling to the infected areas as well as washing hands often and always using a facemask to prevent COVID-19 were statistically significant.Conclusions: The dynamics of the impact of the awareness campaign and public participation are understood by the results. There is a need for a training program with respect to locale-specific scenario targeted to a specific cluster of population emplaning upon their respective lifestyle, to improve the knowledge and compliance about risk and preventions.

Effects of cross-correlations in 2D NOE experiments

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Cross-correlations in NMR

The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) involves placing magnetically active nuclear spins embedded in a gas, liquid or solid phase in a constant, large and uniform magnetic field, causing a splitting of magnetic energy levels.Energy can be absorbed by these spins from a resonant radiofrequency (RF) field causing transitions between these levels. Immediately following this absorption, the spins start to exchange this energy among themselves and also pass it on to other degrees of freedom, that is, the spins start to relax. Relaxation is central to the NMR phenomenon as a necessary prerequisite for its detection. It is also used as a probe for obtaining information on the local environment of the spins and about the dynamics of the molecules in which the spins are embedded

Observation of Cross Correlations in a Weakly Coupled 19F−1H^{19}F-^1H pour-spin System

Cross correlation, an interference term between different relaxation pathways, manifests itself as a multiple! effect in coupled spin systems, which can be described in terms of longitudinal multispin orders. Experimental observation of these multispin orders is proof and a measure of the cross correlations. The cross correlations between the chemical-shift anisotropy (CSA) relaxation of fluorine and its dipolar relaxation with protons have been measured here in l-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene. It is found that this cross correlation is significant between the fluorine CSA and its dipolar relaxation to the proton ortho to it and is small but measurable to the other protons

Construction of energy level diagram of oriented benzene using connectivity information obtained by modified Z-COSY experiment

Experiments involving selective perturbation of a transition yield information about the directly connected transitions, which in turn yield information for deriving the parameters of the spin Hamiltonian of oriented molecules. Problems involved with selective perturbation are removed by the use of a two-dimensional experiment, namely, the modified Z-COSY-experiment, The use of this experiment is demonstrated for obtaining the connectivity information and for determining the parameters of the spin Hamiltonian of oriented benzene, a strongly coupled six-spin system

Flip-angle dependence of nonequilibrium states yielding information on connectivity of transitions and energy levels of oriented molecules. A modified Z-COSY experiment

Nonlinear measurement of the nonequilibrium state of the spin system of oriented acetone by different flip angles of the measuring pulse leads to dramatically different intensities. While such spectra contain information on the connectivity of transitions, it is shown that the low-flip-angle experiment, in the linear regime, yields information on direct connectivities. It is shown that a totality of information on the direct connectivity is obtained by a two-dimensional experiment, namely $90°-t_1-\alpha_\Psi-τ_\delta-β_\psi-t_2$. A systematic analysis of this connectivity information leads to a complete reconstruction of the energy-level system of the various symmetry domains of oriented acetone, a six-spin system characterized by $C_{3v} ⊗ C_{3v}$ symmetry. A computer program has been written to reconstruct the energy-level system from the connectivity information. This leads to, in favorable cases, complete information on the parameters of the spin Hamiltonian

Flip-angle dependence of nonequilibrium states yielding information on connectivity of transitions and energy levels of oriented molecules. A modified Z-COSY experiment

Nonlinear measurement of the nonequilibrium state of the spin system of oriented acetone by different flip angles of the measuring pulse leads to dramatically different intensities. While such spectra contain information on the connectivity of transitions, it is shown that the low-flip-angle experiment, in the linear regime, yields information on direct connectivities. It is shown that a totality of information on the direct connectivity is obtained by a two-dimensional experiment, namely 90°-t<SUB>1</SUB>-α<SUB>φ</SUB>-τ<SUB>δ</SUB>-β<SUB>ψ</SUB>-t<SUB>2</SUB>. A systematic analysis of this connectivity information leads to a complete reconstruction of the energy-level system of the various symmetry domains of oriented acetone, a six-spin system characterized by C<SUB>3v</SUB> Θ C<SUB>3v</SUB> symmetry. A computer program has been written to reconstruct the energy-level system from the connectivity information. This leads to, in favorable cases, complete information on the parameters of the spin Hamiltonian

Observation of Cross Correlations in a Weakly Coupled 19F−1H^{19}F-^1H pour-spin System

Cross correlation, an interference term between different relaxation pathways, manifests itself as a multiple! effect in coupled spin systems, which can be described in terms of longitudinal multispin orders. Experimental observation of these multispin orders is proof and a measure of the cross correlations. The cross correlations between the chemical-shift anisotropy (CSA) relaxation of fluorine and its dipolar relaxation with protons have been measured here in l-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene. It is found that this cross correlation is significant between the fluorine CSA and its dipolar relaxation to the proton ortho to it and is small but measurable to the other protons