FORMULATION AND STABILITY INDICATING ANALYSIS OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLET OF PIROXICAM

The main object of this research work is to develop and studying the stability analysis of orodispersible tablet of piroxicam. Five formulationsof orodispersible tablets of piroxicam (F1-F4) were prepared using two different superdisintegrants namely crospovidone and sodiumstarch glycolate with two concentrations and a control F5 (without superdisintegrant) by direct term stability studies for the formulationsshowed no significant changes in disintegration compression method. The precompression and post compression study of piroxicam andexcipient were carried out. The short time, drug content and percentage of drug released when stored at 4°C±2°C, 27°C ±2°C, and 45°C±2°Cfor 15 days.Keywords: Orodispersible, Stability, Piroxicam, Anti-inflammatory, Direct compression, Superdisintegrant

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUCTION FURNACE: A REVIEW

ABSTRAC

Cyclodextrin Complexes of Reduced Bromonoscapine in Guar Gum Microspheres Enhance Colonic Drug Delivery

Here, we report improved solubility and enhanced colonic delivery of reduced bromonoscapine (Red-Br-Nos), a cyclic ether brominated analogue of noscapine, upon encapsulation of its cyclodextrin (CD) complexes in bioresponsive guar gum microspheres (GGM). Phase−solubility analysis suggested that Red-Br-Nos complexed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD in a 1:1 stoichiometry, with a stability constant (Kc) of 2.29 × 103 M−1 and 4.27 × 103 M−1. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy indicated entrance of an O−CH2 or OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety of Red-Br-Nos in the β-CD or methyl-β- CD cavity. Furthermore, the cage complex of Red-Br-Nos with β-CD and methyl-β-CD was validated by several spectral techniques. Rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy revealed that the Ha proton of the OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety was closer to the H5 proton of β-CD and the H3 proton of the methyl-β-CD cavity. The solubility of Red-Br-Nos in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH ∼ 7.4) was improved by ∼10.7-fold and ∼21.2-fold when mixed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD, respectively. This increase in solubility led to a favorable decline in the IC50 by ∼2-fold and ∼3-fold for Red-Br-Nos−β-CD-GGM and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD-GGM formulations respectively, compared to free Red-Br-Nos−β-CD and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD in human colon HT-29 cells. GGM-bearing drug complex formulations were found to be highly cytotoxic to the HT-29 cell line and further effective with simultaneous continuous release of Red-Br-Nos from microspheres. This is the first study to showing the preparation of drug-complex loaded GGMS for colon delivery of Red-Br-Nos that warrants preclinical assessment for the effective management of colon cancer

Two decades of association mapping: Insights on disease resistance in major crops

Climate change across the globe has an impact on the occurrence, prevalence, and severity of plant diseases. About 30% of yield losses in major crops are due to plant diseases; emerging diseases are likely to worsen the sustainable production in the coming years. Plant diseases have led to increased hunger and mass migration of human populations in the past, thus a serious threat to global food security. Equipping the modern varieties/hybrids with enhanced genetic resistance is the most economic, sustainable and environmentally friendly solution. Plant geneticists have done tremendous work in identifying stable resistance in primary genepools and many times other than primary genepools to breed resistant varieties in different major crops. Over the last two decades, the availability of crop and pathogen genomes due to advances in next generation sequencing technologies improved our understanding of trait genetics using different approaches. Genome-wide association studies have been effectively used to identify candidate genes and map loci associated with different diseases in crop plants. In this review, we highlight successful examples for the discovery of resistance genes to many important diseases. In addition, major developments in association studies, statistical models and bioinformatic tools that improve the power, resolution and the efficiency of identifying marker-trait associations. Overall this review provides comprehensive insights into the two decades of advances in GWAS studies and discusses the challenges and opportunities this research area provides for breeding resistant varieties

Assessment and Alterations in Retinal nerve Fiber Layer Thickness before and following Glaucoma Filtration Surgery Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Clinical Study

Background: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is measured at a 3.5mm distance from the optic nerve head center. This thickness alteration is present even in absence of vision loss warranting continuous monitoring of the affected eyes. A high correlation is seen between alteration of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and vision loss, allowing accurate assessment of progression of glaucoma. Aims: the present study was conducted to assess the alterations in RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer) thickness and intraocular pressure following glaucoma filtration surgery. Materials and Methods: 36 subjects were evaluated from both genders and within the age range of 37-64 years and mean age of 53.82±12.94 years. For ocular examination, slit-lamp examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, and fundus examination were done. This was followed by the filtration surgery (trabeculectomy) where a tissue piece was removed in the drainage angle of the eye which made an opening at 0-4 months before and 2-4 months following Glaucoma filtration surgery along with intraocular pressure alteration. The collected data were subjected to the statistical evaluation. Results: Significant increase in RNFL thickness for overall quadrant and all individual quadrants (p<0.05). For the temporal quadrant, the RNFL thickness increased from 43.45±14.07 to 46.73±16.69 with p=0.067. In the inferior quadrant, it increased from 53.39±25.77 to 60.92±30.70 (p=0.002) and for the nasal quadrant, it was increased from 47.91±19.30 to 54.47±20.11 (p=0.007). For the overall quadrant, RNFL thickness increased from 52.58±17.38 to 58.50±20.18 with p=0.0001. For age >50 years and <50 years, RNFL thickness increased significantly for all age groups and intraocular pressure decreased significantly. In the present study, RNFL thickness was increased for both females and males with reduced intraocular pressure significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that RNFL thickness increase with a decrease in intraocular pressure following glaucoma filtration surgery. This increase in thickness was also seen with age and gender

Assessment of the antifungal susceptibility profile and virulence factors of non-albicans candida species obtained from the infection of the bloodstream

Background: Earlier the fungal infection spectrum was considered to be only restricted to mucocutaneous and cutaneous tissues. However, this consideration has now changed. The threatening rise in the incidence of invasive mycosis is seen recently. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, high mortality rates are linked to invasive mycosis. The most common cause of bloodstream infections is Candida spp. Among candida genus, the most pathogenic species is C. Albicans, recent literature data has shown the emergence of treatment-resistant, relatively uncommon, and unusual nonalbicans Candida (NAC) spp. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the antifungal susceptibility profile and virulence factors of non-Albicans candida species obtained from the infection of the bloodstream.  Material and methods: The present study included blood culture isolates of nonalbicans Candida (NAC) spp. which were identified to species level using the standard mycological protocol. This NAC spp. were screened for virulence factors production including biofilm formation, hemolysin, and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Ezy MIC strip was used for assessing the antifungal susceptibility profile of these isolates.  Results: 100% (n=1) C. rugosa NAC spp. showed hemolysin production. In C. gulliermondii, 50% (n=1) subject showed phospholipase production and biofilm formation each.&nbsp

Membrane filtration immobilization technique—a simple and novel method for primary isolation and enrichment of bacteriophages

To develop a method for the isolation and enrichment of bacteriophages selectively against specific bacteria coupled with a membrane filtration technique. Methods and Results: Rapid isolation and concentration of host-specific bacteriophages was achieved by exposure of the sample suspected to contain bacteriophages to a specific host immobilized on a 0�45 lm membrane in a membrane filtration unit. The principle behind this method is the exploitation of host-specific interaction of bacteriophages with their host and maximizing this interaction using a classic membrane filtration method. This provides a chance for each bacteriophage in the sample to interact with the specific host on the membrane filter fitted with a vacuum pump. Specific bacteriophages of the host are retained on the membrane along with its host cells due to the effect of adsorption and these adsorbed bacteriophages (along with their hosts) on the filter disc are then amplified and enriched in regular nutritive broth tryptose soya broth by incubation. With the help of the plaque assay method, host-specific phages of various bacterial species were isolated, segregated and enriched. Conclusions: The phage concentration method coupled with membrane filtration immobilization of host bacteria was able to isolate and enrich the host-specific bacteriophages by several fold using a lower quantity of an environmental water sample, or other phage suspensions. Enrichment of phages from single plaques was also achieved. Significance and Impact of the Study: The isolation and detection of hostspecific bacteriophages from a low density bacteriophage water sample in a single step by the use of a simple and basic microbiological technique can be achieved. Enrichment of phages from low phage titre suspensions is also achieved very effectivel

You have full text access to this contentMembrane filtration immobilization technique—a simple and novel method for primary isolation and enrichment of bacteriophages

Aim: To develop a method for the isolation and enrichment of bacteriophages selectively against specific bacteria coupled with a membrane filtration technique. Methods and Results: Rapid isolation and concentration of host-specific bacteriophages was achieved by exposure of the sample suspected to contain bacteriophages to a specific host immobilized on a 0�45 lm membrane in a membrane filtration unit. The principle behind this method is the exploitation of host-specific interaction of bacteriophages with their host and maximizing this interaction using a classic membrane filtration method. This provides a chance for each bacteriophage in the sample to interact with the specific host on the membrane filter fitted with a vacuum pump. Specific bacteriophages of the host are retained on the membrane along with its host cells due to the effect of adsorption and these adsorbed bacteriophages (along with their hosts) on the filter disc are then amplified and enriched in regular nutritive broth tryptose soya broth by incubation. With the help of the plaque assay method, host-specific phages of various bacterial species were isolated, segregated and enriched. Conclusions: The phage concentration method coupled with membrane filtration immobilization of host bacteria was able to isolate and enrich the host-specific bacteriophages by several fold using a lower quantity of an environmental water sample, or other phage suspensions. Enrichment of phages from single plaques was also achieved. Significance and Impact of the Study: The isolation and detection of hostspecific bacteriophages from a low density bacteriophage water sample in a single step by the use of a simple and basic microbiological technique can be achieved. Enrichment of phages from low phage titre suspensions is also achieved very effectively

Assessing the improvement in cement effectiveness by the geometry of implant abutment surface

Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of the topography or surface geometry of implant abutments for their effect on the retentive strength of the prosthesis cemented using zinc phosphate on grooved, sandblasted, and standard machined implant abutments and to compare them. Methods: 12 implant abutments of a similar shape were divided into 3 groups of 4 each having a 6-degree taper and 6mm height. The 3 groups were Group I included standard machined abutments without grooves, Group II included group I abutments sandblasted, and Group III included abutments having prefabricated circumferential grooves. In addition, among these 12 abutments, 4 each were taken to assess the retentive force of zinc phosphate cement. 12 similar cast copings were made to fill the 12 abutments, and were cemented with zinc phosphate. After 6 days of storage in the water bath and thermal cycling, using the tensile testing machine, a retention test was done. Results: Concerning zinc phosphate cement, among three study groups the statistically significant difference was seen with p<0.05.&nbsp