Extreme Ultraviolet Emission in the Fornax Cluster of Galaxies

We present studies of the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) emission in the Fornax cluster of galaxies; a relatively nearby well-studied cluster with X-ray emitting cluster gas and a very large radio source. We examine both the large-scale (~size of the X-ray emitting cluster gas), and the small-scale (<arcmin) emission. We find that this cluster has large-scale diffuse EUV emission. However, at the sensitivity level of the existing EUVE data, this emission is due entirely to the low energy tail of the X-ray emitting gas. We have also examined small-scale structures in raw EUVE images of this cluster. We find that small-scale irregularities are present in all raw Deep Survey images as a result of small-scale detector effects. These effects can be removed by appropriate flat-fielding. After flat-fielding, the Fornax cluster still shows a few significant regions of small-scale EUV enhancement. We find that these are emission from stars and galaxies in the field. We find that at existing levels of sensitivity, there is no excess EUV emission in the cluster on either large or small scales.Comment: 6 pages, 3 eps figures, aastex5, Accepted to ApJ

Convergence of infeasible-interior-point methods for self-scaled conic programming

Convergence of infeasible-interior-point methods for self-scaled conic programmin

Role of Citrate Ions in the Phosphonate-based Inhibitor System for Mild Steel in Aqueous Chloride Media

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of phosphonic acid and its derivatives for the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in neutral chloride media is decided by its ability to form protectivefilm over the surface. In this context, the effect of addition of metal cations and certain organic compounds, such as citrate in conjugation with phosphonic acid to impart synergistic corrosion inhibition has been explored. The experiments were carried out using various concentrations of trisodium citrate and zinc ions in an aqueous solution of 2-carboxyethyl phosphonic acid (2CEPA) at 25 ppm. The corrosion characteristics have been determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy together with determination of corrosion rate by weight-loss method. It has been observed that a combination of inhibitive ions, namely citrate, ZCEPA, and zinc ions at 25 ppm gives 96 per cent inhibition efficiency and this corrosion inhibition is due to the formation of a protective film. By increasing the concentration of citrate beyond 25 ppm, the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreases. This paper discusses the role of citrate and zinc ions in imparting added corrosion inhibition ability using 2CEPA on the basis of experimental results

Solvable Map Representation Of A Nonlinear Symplectic Map

The evolution of a particle under the action of a beam transport system can be represented by a nonlinear symplectic map M. This map can be factorized into a product of Lie transformations. The evaluation of any given lie transformation in general requires the summation of an infinite number of terms. There are several ways of dealing with this difficulty: The summation can be truncated, thus producing a map that is nonsymplectic, but still useful for short term tracking. Alternatively, for long term tracking, the Lie transformation can be replaced by some symplectic map that agrees with it to some order and can be evaluated exactly. This paper shows how this may be done using solvable symplectic maps. A solvable map gives rise to a power series that either terminates or can be summed explicitly. This method appears to work quite well in the various examples that we have considered

Scattering of massive W bosons into gravitinos and tree unitarity in broken supergravity

The WW scattering into gravitino and gaugino is here investigated in the broken phase, by using both gauge and mass eigenstates. Differently from what is obtained for unbroken gauge symmetry, we find in the scattering amplitudes new structures, which can lead to violation of unitarity above a certain scale. This happens because, in the annihilation diagram, the longitudinal degrees of freedom in the propagator of the gauge bosons disappear from the amplitude, by virtue of the SUGRA vertex. We show that the longitudinal polarizations of the on-shell W become strongly interacting in the high energy limit, and that the inclusion of diagrams with off-shell scalars of the MSSM does not cancel the divergences.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures. Uses JHEP3.cls, epsfig.sty and axodraw.sty. Some references, together with Ward identities in the basis of mass eigenstates, have been added. Version accepted for publication in JHE

Spatial synchronization and extinction of species under external forcing

We study the interplay between synchronization and extinction of a species. Using a general model we show that under a common external forcing, the species with a quadratic saturation term in the population dynamics first undergoes spatial synchronization and then extinction, thereby avoiding the rescue effect. This is because the saturation term reduces the synchronization time scale but not the extinction time scale. The effect can be observed even when the external forcing acts only on some locations provided there is a synchronizing term in the dynamics. Absence of the quadratic saturation term can help the species to avoid extinction.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure