Fig 2 -

SEM images of the injectable F-BG set at 21°C without ultrasonic scalar (a), and with ultrasonic scalar (b) showing the particles encapsulated in the polymeric network.</p

The mean daily fluoride release (ppm) of injectable F-BG in deionized water and artificial saliva with standard deviation and p- value.

The mean daily fluoride release (ppm) of injectable F-BG in deionized water and artificial saliva with standard deviation and p- value.</p

Fig 5 -

SEM images of injectable F-BG and TF at 500 x (a1-d1) and 2000 x (a2-d2) magnifications showing the presence of particles on the root dentin surface, (a1, a2) SEM images of the injectable F-BG at day 7, (b1, b2) at day 90 (c1, c2) SEM images of TF sealer at day 7and (d1, d2) at day 90. The EDX images of (e) F-BG and (f) TF showing mainly the presence of Ca and P on new apatite layer.</p

S1 File -

This study aimed to synthesize fluoride-doped bioactive glass (F-BG) based thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel for endodontic applications. The structural and phase analyses were done with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction, respectively. The setting time of prepared injectable was investigated at 21°C (in the presence and absence of an ultrasonic scalar) and at 37°C. Flowability was tested according to ISO-6876:2012 specifications, whereas injectability was checked by extrusion method using 21-, 22-, and 23-gauge needles. The in vitro bio-adhesion and push-out bond strength were studied on days 7 and 90 and compared with the commercially available TotalFill®. The ion release profile was analyzed for up to 30 days with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. The fluoride release analysis was conducted periodically for up to 21 days in deionized water and artificial saliva using an ion-selective electrode. The final setting time at 21°C, 21°C+ultrasonic scalar, and 37°C were 38.66±3.21, 29.12±1.23, and 32±3.46 min, respectively. The flowability was 25±3.94 mm, and the injectability coefficient was ≥70.3 for 22, 21, and 57% in a 23-gauge needle. Fluoride release in deionized water was found to be significantly higher than in artificial saliva and increased with time. A significant difference in bond strength was found between days 7 and 90, where the strength was increased, and a new apatite layer was formed on the tooth surface. A rapid release of calcium, phosphate, and silicon ions was seen initially, whereby the continuous release of these ions was observed for up to 30 days. The prepared F-BG injectable hydrogel has shown promising results and has the potential to be used as an endodontic sealer.</div

Fig 1 -

FTIR spectra of (a) non-set and (b) set injectable F-BG showing a reduction in peak height intensities of O-H (stretching peak at 3354 cm-1, bending peak at 1650 cm-1, P-O and Si-O-Si peaks (1200–900 cm-1) after setting.</p

XRD pattern of the set sample of the synthesized injectable F-BG showing the calcium-silicon-fluoride and calcium-silicate phases.

XRD pattern of the set sample of the synthesized injectable F-BG showing the calcium-silicon-fluoride and calcium-silicate phases.</p

The sample groups based on different temperature conditions.

The sample groups based on different temperature conditions.</p

Fig 7 -

(a) Daily fluoride release and (b) cumulative fluoride release in artificial saliva and deionized water at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21.</p

SEM images of the injectable F-BG set at 21°C with ultrasonic scalar.

SEM images of the injectable F-BG set at 21°C with ultrasonic scalar.</p