Feasibility of using high temperature superconducting magnets and conventional magnetic loop antennas to attract or repel objects at the space station

A study was undertaken to see if magnetic forces can be used at the Space Station to attract or repel spacecrafts such as the Orbital Manuevering Vehicle (OMV) or the Orbiter. A large magnet, in the form of a current loop, is assumed to be placed at the Space Station and another one on the spacecraft. The expression for the force between the two dipoles (loops) is obtained. Using a force of 15 Newtons (3.4 pounds) in order to move the spacecraft, the number of ampere-turn needed in the current loops was calculated at various distances between them. The expression for the force of attraction between a current loop and a soft magnetic material was also examined and the number of amp-turn needed to provide a force of one-tenth of a pound at various distances is also calculated. This one tenth of a pound force would be used in a life line system for the retrieval of an adrift crewman or tool at the Space Station. The feasibility of using conventional antenna on the Station and the incoming vehicle for attraction or repulsion was also examined

Investigating texture six zero lepton mass matrices

Texture six zero Fritzsch like as well as non Fritzsch like hermitian lepton mass matrices (144 combinations in all) have been investigated for both Majorana and Dirac neutrinos for their compatibility with the current neutrino oscillation data, keeping in mind the hierarchy of neutrino masses. All the combinations considered here for Majorana neutrino masses are ruled out by the existing data in the case of inverted hierarchy and degenerate scenario. For Majorana neutrinos with normal hierarchy, only 16 combinations can accommodate the experimental data. Assuming neutrinos to be Dirac particles, normal hierarchy, inverted hierarchy as well as degenerate neutrinos are ruled out for all combinations of texture 6 zero hermitian mass matrices.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure

Automatic antenna switching design for Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) communication system

An Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) crewmember had two-way communications with the space station in the Ku-band frequency (12 to 18 GHz). The maximum range of the EVA communications link with the space station is approximately one kilometer for nominal values for transmitter power, antenna gains, and receiver noise figure. The EVA Communications System, that will continue to function regardless of the astronaut's position and orientation, requires an antenna system that has full spherical coverage. Three or more antennas that can be flush mounted on the astronaut's space suit (EMU) and/or his propulsive backpack (MMU), will be needed to provide the desired coverage. As the astronaut moves in the space station, the signal received by a given EVA antenna changes. An automatic antenna switching system is needed that will switch the communication system to the antenna with the largest signal strength. A design for automatic antenna switching is presented and discussed

Development of a microprocessor-based biochemical sampler

Modern medicine requires patients to be treated on the basis of precise data, which are often obtained from electronic equipment. An inexpensive and portable microprocessor-based sampler developed by the authors is described. It is comprised of the following units: sample plate assembly, probe-drive linkage system, wash fluid receptacle, timing system and 8085A microprocessor

Chloridizing Roasting of Spent NdFeB Magnet Using Ammonium Chloride

The thermogravimetry is a useful tool to understand the roasting behavior of ores and minerals. Roasting of spent rare earth magnet (NdFeB) has evolved as attractive method for recycling of rare earth elements (REE) to conserve their scarce resources. We studied the chloridizing roasting of spent magnets of wind turbines with an objective to selectively convert the REE into water soluble chlorides. TG-DTA of NdFeB powder shows the commence of oxidation above 300°C. Further TG-DTA studies of NdFeB-NH4Cl mixture corroborated with thermodynamic calculations indicates 300°C as suitable temperature for chloridizing roasting process to obtain the NdCl3 and Fe2O3

Učinak dodataka biotina i cinka na zdravlje papaka i kvalitetu mlijeka mliječnih krava

The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effect of biotin and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) supplementation on hoof health and milk quality in lactating dairy cows. Clinically lame (n = 31) and healthy (n = 28) cows were selected on the basis of locomotion scores (LS), and were randomly assigned to either the ‘treatment group’ [clinically lame treatment (CLT) = 17 and healthy treatment (HT) = 15; supplemented with 1 g of 2% biotin and 4 g of ZnSO4 daily for 4 mo] or the ‘control group’ [clinically lame control (CLC) = 14 and healthy control (HC) = 13]. Locomotion scores, body condition scores, and milk quality and yield were estimated before and after the end of the study. Also, hoof trimming was undertaken before and after the supplementation period, and claw lesions were observed for type and severity. Sole thickness (ST) was measured by ultrasonography in some of the back claws in treatment and control cows. Data were analyzed using likelihood ratio Chi-square and paired t tests. At the end of the study, there was a significant improvement in the LS (P<0.001); heel horn erosion score (P<0.05); overgrown sole score (P<0.001); and sole haemorrhage score (P<0.01) in the CLT cows. Some of these lesion scores deteriorated in the HC cows. Sole thickness increased in the CLT cows (P<0.05), whereas it decreased in the CLC cows (P<0.05). The milk somatic cell count (SCC) decreased (P<0.05), whereas milk yield (P<0.001) and fat content (P<0.05) increased in the CLT cows. A significant decline in the average SCC (P<0.05) in the HT was also observed. We concluded that concurrent supplementation with biotin and ZnSO4 seems to be beneficial for correction and prevention of claw lesions, as well as improvement of milk quantity and quality in clinically lame dairy cows.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinak dodataka biotina i cinkova sulfata (ZnSO4) na zdravlje papaka i kvalitetu mlijeka u mliječnih krava. Klinička hrome (n = 31) i zdrave krave (n = 28) odabrane su na temelju ocjene pokretljivosti (LS) te su slučajnim odabirom podijeljene u pokusnu i kontrolnu skupinu. Pokusnu skupinu činile su klinički hrome (CLT, n = 17) i zdrave (HT, n = 15) krave kojima je u hranu dodan 1 g 2 %-tnog biotina i 4 g ZnSO4 dnevno tijekom 4 mjeseca, Kontrolnu skupinu činile su hrome krave (CLC, n = 14 i zdrave krave (HC, n = 13). Pokretljivost, tjelesna kondicija te kvaliteta i količina mlijeka procijenjeni su prije i nakon završetka istraživanja. Također, prije i poslije dodavanja dodataka hrani provedena je kirurška obrada papaka te je promatrana vrsta i težina oštećenja papaka. Debljina tabana (ST) stražnjih papaka nekih krava mjerena je ultrazvučno u pokusnoj i kontrolnoj skupini. Podaci su analizirani omjerom vjerodostojnosti hi-kvadrat testa i parnog t-testa. Na kraju istraživanja uočen je znakovit napredak LS-a (P < 0,001); vjerodostojnosti hi-kvadrat testa i parnog t-testa. Neke su se od tih ocjena oštećenja pogoršale u krava u HC skupini krava. Debljina tabana povećala se u krava u pokusnoj skupini (P < 0,05), dok je u krava u kontrolnoj skupini smanjena (P < 0,05). Broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku (SCC) smanjen je (P < 0,05), dok su prinos mlijeka (P < 0,001) i sadržaj masti (P < 0,05) povećani u krava u pokusnoj skupini. Također, utvrđeno je znakovito smanjenje prosječnog broja SCC-a (P < 0,05) u zdravih krava u pokusnoj skupini. Zaključeno je da bi istodobno dodavanje biotina i cinkova sulfata u hranu moglo biti korisno u korekciji i prevenciji oštećenja papaka kao što bi moglo pridonijeti količini i kvaliteti mlijeka kod klinički hromih mliječnih krava

Production of Silicomanganese Alloy from Low Manganese Containing Leached Sea Nodules Residue

Leached sea nodules residue was used for the present study for exploring its utilization. The residue generated in ammoniacal-SO2 pressure leaching was water washed to reduce the sulphur content. To improve the Mn/Fe ratio in the residue, it was blended with Fe-Mn slag or Mn ore in the calculated amount and smelting was carried out in 50 kVA submerged arc furnace. Various parameters such as holding time, amount of reductant, power input etc. were investigated. The maximum recovery of Mn from residue blended with Fe-Mn slag and Mn ore was 58% and 65% respectively in the form of silicomanganese