Pretarsal structure in the Miridae (Hemiptera), with a cladistic analysis of relationships within the family. American Museum novitates ; no. 2601

39 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39)."Through the use of scanning electron and light microscopy pretarsal structure is reviewed briefly for the Cimicomorpha and in detail for the Miridae. The following new or previously used terms describe tarsal and pretarsal structures in the Miridae: tarsal guard seta, unguitractor plate, basal claw spicules, claw hair, pulvillus, claw (with inner, outer, and ventral surfaces), setiform parempodium, lamellate parempodium, and pseudopulvillus. All pretarsal types found in the Miridae are illustrated with photomicrographs. The Bryocorinae and Phylinae are examined in greatest detail because of previously limited information on the former group and the heterogeneous nature of pretarsal structure in the latter. 'Tricobothrial maps' are presented for Psallops and for members of the bryocorine genera Bunsua, Felisacus, Monalocoris, Palaucoris, and Rhodocoris. A list of taxa examined is given. The phylogenetic implications of pretarsal and other structural features in the Miridae are investigated through the use of cladistic analysis. Relationships to the tribal and subtribal level are presented as cladograms. A classification derived by the method of 'phylogenetic sequencing' is presented and compared with classifications of previous authors, including Wagner, Leston, and Schuh, whose dendrograms are redrawn to facilitate direct comparison with those of the present paper. The following classificatory conclusions and changes herein are: the Isometopinae is shown as the sister group of all other Miridae; Psallops is given subfamily rank; the Orthotylinae of authors is recognized as a tribe within the Phylinae; the Deraeocorinae of authors is recognized as a tribe within the Mirinae; the Bryocorinae is redefined so as to include the Dicyphinae of authors. Within the Bryocorinae the tribe Eccritotarsini is recognized to include the Bryocorini sensu Carvalho (in part), as well as the Palaucorinae of Carvalho (including Pseudopalaucoris Ghauri); the Bryocorini of Carvalho is redefined to include only Bryocoris and its close relatives; and, the Monaloniini and Odoniellini combined are recognized as the sister group of the Dicyphina and given coordinate subtribal status"--P. [1]

Revision of Megalopsallus

69 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).Megalopsallus Knight is revised, with 29 valid species recognized; 8 species are described as new and 13 previously described species are newly treated as junior synonyms. Merinocapsus Knight is treated as a junior synonym of Megalopsallus. The species Europiella albipubscens Knight and Europiella monticola Knight, formerly placed in Megalopsallus are treated as incertae sedis and belonging to Europiella, respectively. Habitus and male genitalic illustrations are provided for all Megalopsallus species; scanning micrographs of the head, scent-gland evaporatory area, vestiture, and pretarsus are included for selected species. A key to males is presented. The majority of Megalopsallus spp. are recorded from dry interior portions of the American West; two species are recorded from the Gulf Coast and East Coast of the United States. Host information is presented for most species, indicating an obligate association with halophytes, most in the families Ephedraceae (Ephedrales) and Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae (Angiospermae). The relationships of Megalopsallus within the Phylini are discussed

Trichobothria

26 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-26)."Trichobothrial structure, function, and occurrence are reviewed for the Arthropoda. A survey is made of all setae that have been classified as trichobothria within the Hemiptera. Trichobothria are recorded for the first time from the mesofemora and metafemora of the Miridae. Scanning electron photomicrographs showing detailed structure and drawings of the numbers and locations of these specialized setae are presented for representatives of the majority of the currently recognized tribes in the family. Within the limits of current knowledge the trichobothria in the various taxa of Miridae are homologized and a numbering scheme is presented. It is suggested that the hypothetical primitive number for the mesofemur is six and that for the metafemur seven or eight. The phylogenetic significance of the trichobothria in the Miridae is discussed, with the conclusion that they constitute an autapomorphic character and that the Miridae, including the Isometopinae, represent a monophyletic group"--P. [1]

New World Plagiognathus

267 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-262) and index.The diagnostic features of Plagiognathus are clarified, with characteristics of the male genitalia being used for the first time in diagnosing the Nearctic species. The North American species are revised, with a total of 86 native and 3 introduced species being recognized. Twenty-four species are described as new. Habitus, vesical, and antennae illustrations are provided for all of these species. The Palearctic fauna is discussed; vesical illustrations are provided for 10 of the 24 species placed in Plagiognathus in the most recent catalog. Twenty-five new synonymies are created. Twenty-five species are transferred into Plagiognathus from other genera or removed from Plagiognathus and placed in other genera; in addition to the new combinations with definitive generic placement, 16 species are treated as incertae sedis. Microphylellus Reuter, Chaetophylidea Knight, and Parapsallus Wagner are treated as junior synonyms of Plagiognathus. Plagiognathus reuterellus, new name, is proposed to replace Plagiognathus flavipes Reuter, 1875, a junior secondary homonym. Six neotypes and one lectotype are designated in an effort to ensure stability in the application of names within Plagiognathus. A new genus, Tuxedo, with Microphylellus bicinctus Van Duzee, as the type species, is described to accommodate five previously described taxa that do not belong to either Microphylellus or Plagiognathus, in which genera they were originally placed. The generic-group name Zophocnemis Kerzhner is elevated to generic status to accommodate its single included species, bicolor Jakolev, because that species does not fit the revised diagnosis for Plagiognathus. Myochroocoris Reuter is synonymized with Atractotomus Fieber, its single included species, griseolus Reuter from eastern North America, having all of the diagnostic characters of Atractotomus. Specimens were broadly sampled from North American museums, with particular attention paid to the fauna west of the Great Plains. The eastern North American fauna is, nonetheless, treated in detail with the most extensive attempt yet to deal with the fauna of the South. Many new host records are included, clarifying associations for some species, but still leaving the breeding habits of others in question

Henryognathus thomasi, a new genus and new species of Arctostaphylos-feeding plant bug from western North America (Miridae, Phylinae, Phylini)

Henryognathus, new genus, with the single included new species H. thomasi, is described from western North America. The taxon is recorded as feeding on species of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae) in California and Arizona. Coloration and many morphological attributes are similar to species of Plagiognathus Fieber, but the structure of the male genitalia is distinctive

Saldolepta kistnerorum, new genus and new species from Ecuador (Hemiptera, Leptopodomorpha), the sister group of Leptosalda chiapensis. American Museum novitates ; no. 2698

5 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 5)."Saldolepta kistnerorum, new species, is described from the nest of Nasutitermes dendrophilus from the western lowlands of Ecuador. It is considered the sister group of Leptosalda chiapensis from Tertiary Chiapas amber, and as such is the first recent member of the Leptosaldinae. It is the first known apparent inquiline in the Leptopodomorpha"--P. [1]

Wallabicoris, new genus (Phylini)

118 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 26 cm. "Issued June 3, 2010." Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104).Key, descriptions, data on distribution and host plants are given for all 16 known species of Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875, including three new ones: Solenoxyphus anabasius, n. sp. ‪(‬Kazakhstan‪)‬, S. salsolae, n. sp. ‪(‬Mongolia‪)‬, and S. kerzhneri, n. sp. ‪(‬Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan‪)‬. The generic name Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 is synonymized with Leucopterum Reuter, 1879. The following new synonymies are established: L. candidatum ‪(‬Reuter, 1879‪)‬ = L. longicolle ‪(‬Reuter, 1879‪)‬, S. lepidus ‪(‬Puton, 1874‪)‬ = S. minor Wagner, 1969, and S. alkani Önder, 1975 = S. markevichi Putshkov, 1978. S. adspersus ‪(‬Reuter, 1904‪)‬ is removed from synonymy and considered a valid species

Pilophorus from Thailand.

18 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm.Morphologically novel species of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn from Thailand are reviewed, with photographic images of live individuals. Three species, Pilophorus barbiger, P. giraffoides, and P. portentosus, are described as new, in addition to two known Thai species, P. maculatus (Schuh) and P. pleiku (Schuh), which are also diagnosed. The female of P. pleiku is reported for the first time. The biology and immature forms are documented for P. pleiku and P. barbiger, which were observed to be associated with ants on the rubiaceous broadleaf, Gardenia sootepensis Hutch. The systematic position of such morphologically novel species is discussed. Pilophorus palawanus (Schuh) is newly recorded from Singapore

Revision of Pseudosaldula Cobben.

100 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 26 cm. "Issued June 30, 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-91).The genus Pseudosaldula Cobben, which is restricted to the Andean Subregion of South America, is revised. Fourteen valid species are recognized, nine of them being described as new and 10 previously published names are treated as junior synonyms based on the examination of approximately 3500 specimens from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. All taxa are described or redescribed. A key to the species is provided. Color habitus illustrations, distributional maps, and detailed measurements are provided for all species. Scanning electron micrographs of the vestiture, parameres, parandria, face, and pretarsus are provided for representative species, as are color views of the face and the nymphs. The concept of a postclypeus in the Saldidae is questioned and the term transverse swelling, as coined by Parsons, is applied in discussing distinctive aspects of facial morphology in Pseudosaldula. A previously unreported, presumably glandular, pore is documented on the parameres in the Saldinae in the form of a cavernous pit with internal digitiform processes. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological character data documents the monophyly of Pseudosaldula. Characters treated as synapomorphic for Pseudosaldula are five cells in the membrane of the forewing, the incomplete connection of the transverse swelling across the posterior margin of the clypeus, and the straight connection across the posterior margin of the parandria; nymphal coloration is also distinctive, although treated as ambiguous because this character was not scored for all species. DNA sequence data from the 16S rDNA region of the mitochondrion and H3 nuclear region were acquired for 13 Pseudosaldula spp. and five outgroup taxa. The combined analysis of morphological and sequence data consistently treated Pseudosaldula as paraphyletic. These results are interpreted as the result of inadequate sampling of both taxa and gene regions, in light of the fact that the patterns of distribution become transpacific, as opposed to a monophyletic group in the Andean Region. Not unexpectedly, several morphological characters documenting the monophyly of Pseudosaldula show greater homoplasy in the combined analysis than when analyzing morphological data alone. Therefore, the results of the morphological cladistic analysis are further used to examine distributional patterns in the group. Five areas of endemism are recognized: northern Andes, northern Peru, Puna, central Chile, and subantarctic; the boundaries of these areas show substantial correspondence with those proposed for other groups of insects.American Museum of Natural History

Leucophoropterini

159 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 26 cm.The Leucophoropterini (Miridae: Phylinae) is an Indo-Australian group including 23 genera and 104 species. Diagnoses are provided for all genera of Leucophoropterini. All genera and species of Australian fauna are revised and redescribed to complement earlier detailed study of Schuh for the Indo-Pacific fauna. Additional new taxa from Papua New Guinea are described and a key to the currently recognized genera is provided, as are keys to the species of Ausejanus, n. gen., and Blesingia Carvalho and Gross. Previously described genera include: Abuyogocoris Schuh (4 species), Aitkenia Carvalho and Gross (2 species, 1 described as new), Arafuramiris Schuh (7 species, 3 described as new), Biromiris Schuh (6 species, 3 described as new), Blesingia Carvalho and Gross (7 species, 5 as new combinations), Collessicoris Carvalho and Gross (1 species), Ctypomiris Schuh (3 species, 1 described as new), Gulacapsus Schuh (4 species, 1 described as new), Leucophoroptera Poppius (5 species, 2 described as new), Papuamimus Schuh (2 species), Pseudohallodapocoris Schuh (3 species), Sejanus Distant (29 species), Solomonomimus Schuh (1 species), Trichocephalocapsus Schuh (2 species), and Waterhouseana Carvalho (2 species, 1 described as new) are revised. New genera include: Ausejanus (18 species, 7 described as new and 11 as new combinations), Austrodapus (1 species, described as new), Johnstonsonius (1 species, described as new), Missanos (1 species, described as new), Neaitkenia (2 species, new combinations), Neoleucophoroptera (2 species, new combinations), Papuamiroides (1 species, described as new), and Transleucophoroptera (1 species, new combination). Pseudoleucophoroptera Schuh is synonymized with Blesingia Carvalho and Gross. The following species synonymies are created (junior synonyms first): Sejanus brunneus Carvalho and Gross = Ausejanus tasmaniae (Carvalho and Gross), Sejanus intermedius Carvalho and Gross = Ausejanus albisignatus (Knight), Sejanus melaleucae Carvalho and Gross = Ausejanus mcdonaldi (Carvalho and Gross), Sejanus rosei Carvalho and Gross = Sejanus palumae Carvalho and Gross, and Leucophoroptera nitidior Carvalho and Gross = Blesingia elegans Carvalho and Gross 5 Blesingia latezonata Carvalho and Gross = Leucophoroptera quadrimaculata Poppius. The genera Dilatops Weirauch, Karoocapsus Schuh, Lasiolabops Poppius, Myrmicopsella Poppius, Porophoroptera Carvalho and Gross, Schuhistes Menard, and Tytthus Fieber are removed from the Leucophoropterini. Sejanus species S. biniguni Schuh, S. fasciatus Carvalho and Gross, S. fijiensis Schuh, S. hongkong Schuh, S. leai Carvalho and Gross, S. novecaledonicus Schuh, S. occidentalis Carvalho and Gross, S. ruber Carvalho and Gross, S. rubricatus Carvalho and Gross, and S. trivinosus Carvalho and Gross are treated as incertae sedis