Additional file 1: of Application of geographic population structure (GPS) algorithm for biogeographical analyses of populations with complex ancestries: a case study of South Asians from 1000 genomes project

Table S1. GPS predicted coordinates of individuals from five SAS populations. Figure S1. (a) Table showing proportion of Cross-Validation error (CVE) in ADMIXTURE carried out for the global dataset with different values of ancestral components (K) employed in the admixture analysis. The CVE was used to determine the optimum number of ancestral components (K) supported by the data. At K = 13 the CVE was minimized. (b) Plot depicting the change of CVE with increasing number of ancestral components (K). The optimum number of ancestral components with lowest CVE was thirteen (K = 13). Figure S2. (a) Table showing proportion of Cross-Validation error (CVE) in ADMIXTURE carried out for the South Asian only dataset with different values of ancestral components (K) employed in the admixture analysis. The CVE was used to determine the optimum number of ancestral components (K) supported by the data. At K = 8 the CVE was minimized. (b) Plot depicting the change of CVE with increasing number of ancestral components (K). The optimum number of ancestral components with lowest CVE was 8 (K = 8). (PDF 493 kb

Cu(II)-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Pyridine Derivatives/Isoquinolines with Iodonium Ylide and 1,4-Quinones Using Mechanochemistry

An efficient copper-catalyzed solvent-free multicomponent reaction for pyridine derivatives, iodonium ylides, and 1,4-quinones is developed via a room-temperature ball milling technique. The reported protocol provides a sustainable synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]pyridine/isoquinoline class of molecules in good to excellent yield in a mixer mill (RETSCH MM400) engaging the commercially available copper acetate (Cu(OAc)2) as a catalyst without the use of organic solvents. It tolerates a myriad of electron-rich and electron-deficient functionalities on the pyridine moiety. The scalability of the protocol was illustrated by successfully performing the reaction in the gram scale. The photoluminescence and related cellular study revealed that these can be used as a fluorescent chromophore-based cellular probe. A clean reaction profile and a facile experimental setup that is devoid of anhydrous reaction conditions and toxic organic solvents have established the advantages of this strategy over the reported process

DataSheet1_The maternal U1 haplogroup in the Koraga tribe as a correlate of their North Dravidian linguistic affinity.docx

Introduction: The Koraga tribe are an isolated endogamous tribal group found in the southwest coastal region of India. The Koraga language shares inherited grammatical features with North Dravidian languages. To seek a possible genetic basis for this exceptionality and understand the maternal lineage pattern, we have aimed to reconstruct the inter-population and intra-population relationships of the Koraga tribal population by using mtDNA markers for the hypervariable regions along with a partial coding region sequence analysis.Methods and Results: Amongst the 96 individuals studied, we observe 11 haplogroups, of which a few are shared and others are unique to the clans Soppu, Oṇṭi and Kuṇṭu. In addition to several deep rooted Indian-specific lineages of macrohaplogroups M and U, we observe a high frequency of the U1 lineage (∼38%), unique to the Koraga. A Bayesian analysis of the U1 clade shows that the Koraga tribe share their maternal lineage with ancestral populations of the Caucasus at the cusp of the Last Glacial Maximum.Discussion: Our study suggests that the U1 lineage found in the Indian subcontinent represents a remnant of a post-glacial dispersal. The presence of West Asian U1 when viewed along with historical linguistics leads us to hypothesise that Koraga represents a mother tongue retained by a vanquished population group that fled southward at the demise of the Indus civilisation as opposed to a father tongue, associated with a particular paternal lineage.</p

Data_Sheet_1_The impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary, neurological, and cardiac outcomes: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.pdf

BackgroundLong COVID is a clinical entity characterized by persistent health problems or development of new diseases, without an alternative diagnosis, following SARS-CoV-2 infection that affects a significant proportion of individuals globally. It can manifest with a wide range of symptoms due to dysfunction of multiple organ systems including but not limited to cardiovascular, hematologic, neurological, gastrointestinal, and renal organs, revealed by observational studies. However, a causal association between the genetic predisposition to COVID-19 and many post-infective abnormalities in long COVID remain unclear.MethodsHere we employed Mendelian randomization (MR), a robust genetic epidemiological approach, to investigate the potential causal associations between genetic predisposition to COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms, namely pulmonary (pneumonia and airway infections including bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and rhinitis), neurological (headache, depression, and Parkinson’s disease), cardiac (heart failure and chest pain) diseases, and chronic fatigue. Using two-sample MR, we leveraged genetic data from a large COVID-19 genome-wide association study and various disorder-specific datasets.ResultsThis analysis revealed that a genetic predisposition to COVID-19 was significantly causally linked to an increased risk of developing pneumonia, airway infections, headache, and heart failure. It also showed a strong positive correlation with chronic fatigue, a frequently observed symptom in long COVID patients. However, our findings on Parkinson’s disease, depression, and chest pain were inconclusive.ConclusionOverall, these findings provide valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of long COVID and its diverse range of symptoms. Understanding these causal associations may aid in better management and treatment of long COVID patients, thereby alleviating the substantial burden it poses on global health and socioeconomic systems.</p

Safe water options - community acceptance and sustainability

Safe water options - community acceptance and sustainabilit

Arsenic mitigation: an integrated approach

Arsenic mitigation: an integrated approac