Clinical Features Present, Past & Future Prospective of Monkey Pox: A Orthopoxvirus

Some issues regarding the potential spread of monkeypox have arisen just as the international world is beginning to recover from the initial alarm that was caused by the probable spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite the fact that parts of Africa have traditionally been more susceptible to monkeypox than other regions of the world, the majority of new cases that have been linked to the outbreak that began in 2022 have been reported in countries located in Europe and the western hemisphere. Despite the fact that a great number of organisations are working on contact-tracing activities at the moment, the origin of this outbreak is still unknown at this time. The monkeypox virus belongs to the family of viruses known as Poxviridae and the genus known as Orthopoxvirus. Following the eradication of smallpox across the globe in the 1970s, news of monkeypox caused widespread worry across the globe. Through vaccination with the smallpox virus, individuals were able to develop cross-immunity against monkeypox. After distribution of the smallpox vaccine was discontinued, the number of outbreaks of monkeypox rose. The monkeypox epidemic that occurred in the United States in 2003 was the first time that the disease gained extensive notice in the media. In spite of its name, the virus known as monkeypox is not transmitted by monkeys. Although a number of different kinds of rodents and other small mammals have been suggested as the primal hosts of the monkeypox virus, the virus\u27s true lineage is still a mystery. The virus that causes monkeypox was first identified in macaque monkeys, which is where the disease was first seen. When monkeypox does transfer from one person to another, it often does so through a person\u27s mucocutaneous lesions or through the respiratory droplets that they expel. However, this only happens very infrequently. However, supporting therapy can be given to reduce symptoms, and medications such tecovirimat may be administered in really severe cases. At this time, there is no specific treatment for patients who have infected the virus; however, supportive treatments can be given. It is debatable whether or not these treatments are successful in reducing symptoms because there are no concrete guidelines to follow in this regard

Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Epirubicin/ Doxorubicin Plus Docetaxel and Epirubicin/ Doxorubicin Plus Paclitaxel as First Line Treatment in Women with Advanced Breast Cancer

This study aimed to examine the efficacy of docetaxel plus epirubicin against docetaxel plus capecitabine as first-line therapy for women with advanced breast cancer (ABC). Patients with ABC who had not been treated in the past were split into two groups: those who received docetaxel and epirubicin (DE) on day 1 and those who received docetaxel and capecitabine (DC) on day 1 and twice daily on days 1-14 of each 21-day cycle. Prior neoadjuvant treatment with anthracyclines was permitted if it had been finished more than a year prior to enrolment. The study\u27s major aim was to evaluate the difference in time to disease progression (TTP). Median TTP for DE was 10.6 months and for DC it was 11.0 months (P = 0.7), with each arm treating 170 women. Using the RECIST criterion, we found that the rates of complete responses were higher in DC (61%) than in DE (11%), and that the rates of partial responses were lower in DC (40%) than in DE (45%) (P = 0.8). Grade 3-4 neutropenia was more common with DE than DC (57% vs. 46%, P = 0.07), as were febrile neutropenia (11% vs. 8%, P = 0.4), hand-foot syndrome (0% vs. 4%, P = 0.02), grade 2-3 anemia (20% vs. 7%, P = 0.001), and asthenia (12% vs. 6%, P = 0.09)

Combine Therapy of Gallic Acid and Allicin in Management of Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, also known (DM) is a metabolic disorder with a high mortality and disability incidence. The development and activation of oxidative stress (OS) are crucial to the pathogenic development of DM. Pathophysiological evidence suggests that OS contributes to the onset and progression of DM through its association with hyperglycemia, resistance to insulin, and inflammation. It\u27s worth noting that more and more studies are investigating the benefits of natural antioxidants for managing DM. Many different types of culinary and herbal plants contain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds gallic acid (GA) and allicin, respectively. The synthesis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is inhibited, fat is stored less, blood sugar and weight are improved, and the body produces fewer AGEs, according to the study\u27s authors. Inhibition of RAGEs and prevention of AGE activity following treatment with GA and allicin resulted in reduced oxidative stress and enhanced insulin secretion. The goals of this article are to (1) provide evidence that GA and allicin may be effective antihyperglycemic treatments for DM and its complications and (2) provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding studies examining the role of oleic acid in this disease

Role of Terpenoids Active Ingredients Targeting for Neuroprotective Agents

Neuroinflammation is a characteristic sign of a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u27s and Parkinson\u27s, amongst others. Microglia, which are native immune cells found in the brain, become activated very quickly in response to a brain infection or injury. When microglia become overactivated, their production of pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic chemicals can become unregulated and uncontrolled, which is the primary cause of neuroinflammation. Microglia are principally responsible for neuroinflammation. As a result, the investigation of novel approaches to reduce neuroinflammatory reactions is an essential component of neurodegenerative disease treatment. In the research of brain inflammation, bacterial lipopolysaccharide is frequently used. This compound is responsible for the initiation of a number of significant cellular processes that significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation

Organic matrix based slow release fertilizer enhances plant growth, nitrate assimilation and seed yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Author Details

Abstract Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of organic matrix based slow release fertilizers (SRFs) on plant growth, nitrate assimilation and seed yield of Brassica juncea L. cv. pusa bold. The agro-waste materials like cow dung, clay soil, neem leaves and rice bran were mixed together in 2:2:1:1 ratio and used as organic matrix for the immobilization of chemical fertilizer nutrients with commercial grade saresh (Acacia gum, 15% solution) as binder. Different fertilizer treatments were organic matrix based slow release fertilizers, SRF-I (542.0 kg ha ). Organic matrix based SRF-II released ammonium up to 50-d in wet soil under laboratory conditions which showed maximum retention of the nutrients. A very significant increase in plant growth, nitrate assimilation and seed yield was recorded in organic matrix based SRF-II applied plants. The maximum percent increase in biomass production was observed with organic matrix based SRF-II (increase of 65.8% in root fresh weight, 38.0% in root dry weight, 45.9% in leaf fresh weight plant -1 and 27.5 % in leaf dry weight plant -1 in 60-d old plants). It also increased the acquisition and assimilation of nitrate from the plant's rhizosphere which was evident by 45.6% increase in nitrate, 27.5% in nitrite and 11.7% in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in leaves of 45-d old plants over control. The organic matrix based SRF-II significantly increased the seed yield by 28% in Indian mustard. Cost analysis revealed that this formulation is cost effective as it is based on agro waste materials

Role of Essential Oil Used Pharmaceutical Cosmetic Product

When it comes to choosing which cosmetics to buy, consumers typically identify the smell as the factor that is most important to them. When uncovered, the fatty acids, oils, and surfactants that are frequently included in cosmetic formulations can all contribute to the production of odours that are unpleasant. Essential oils are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products because, in addition to the fragrant contributions they make, they serve as preservatives, active agents, and additions that are helpful to the skin. In addition, the growing demand for natural components has significantly contributed to the revival of interest in plant derivatives, particularly essential oils, in the industries of cosmetics and health. Popular cosmetic companies have been forced to promote natural fragrances and pick for minimally processed natural materials as a result of the potential health concerns related with artificial smell compounds, which are major components of cosmetics. As a result of this pressure, the cosmetic industry as a whole has moved towards natural fragrances. Some of the most highly regarded essential oils that are utilised in the creation of fragrances include citrus, lavender, eucalyptus, tea tree, and other flower oils. Some of the most highly prized scent components that are utilised in the creation of various cosmetics include linalool, geraniol, limonene, citronellol, and citral. In the fields of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, essential oils have a wide variety of applications, including use as a source of natural fragrances. The purpose of this review was to shed light on those applications. Origins of essential oils, commercial viability of essential oils, chemical makeup of essential oils, fragrance classification, olfactory character of essential oils, authenticity, and safety will all receive the attention they deserve

Recent Approaches of Matrix Release Tablet in NDDS System

The purpose of this analysis is to categorize matrix tablets according to the kind of polymer they are made of as well as the rate at which they release their contents. When it came to medicinal applications, the matrix system was the very first oral extended release platform ever developed. The utilization of matrix tablets enables the modification of drug release characteristics. They are highly favored for this kind of treatment because of the benefits they give for the patient in terms of better adherence to the treatment, more stable medication levels, decreased dose and bad effects, and a bigger safety margin for highly potent medications. Because of their versatility in delivering a desired drug release profile, cheap cost, and general regulatory acceptability, hydrophilic polymer matrix systems are frequently used in oral controlled drug delivery dosage forms. Because of the rapid diffusion of the dissolved medication via the hydrophilic gel network, the use of hydrophilic matrix alone for delayed drug release is not possible for medicines that are very water soluble. It is now generally accepted that the formulation of such drugs requires the use of matrix systems that incorporate hydrophobic polymers. It would appear that the most successful strategy would be to create a formulation for oral controlled release by employing matrix tablets

Production, Purification, Stability and Efficacy of Bacteriocin from Isolates of Natural Lactic Acid Fermentation of Vegetables

Procijenjena je i okarakterizirana antimikrobiološka aktivnost djelomično pročišćenog bakteriocina proizvedenog tijekom prirodne mliječno-kisele fermentacije mrkve, rotkvice i krastavca. Od 10 sojeva, soj CA 44 roda Lactobacillus, izoliran tijekom fermentacije mrkve, proizveo je bakteriocin s maksimalnom antimikrobnom aktivnošću protiv bakterija Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus i Bacillus cereus, iako je bio djelotvorniji protiv E. coli nego protiv druge dvije bakterije. Bakteriocin je bio stabilan do 100 °C, a njegova je aktivnost bila manja nego na 68 °C i potpuno je nestala pri 121 °C. Maksimalna antimikrobna aktivnost održala se pri pH-vrijednosti od 4 do 5, a dodatak papaina imao je negativno djelovanje. Bakteriocin je bio djelotvoran i protiv B. cereus u raznim proizvodima od voća (pulpa, sok i vino), što znači da se može upotrijebiti kao biokonzervans u voćnim proizvodima.The antimicrobial activity of partially purified bacteriocin produced during natural lactic acid fermentation of carrot, radish and cucumber was assessed and characterized. Out of ten strains, the isolated strain CA 44 of Lactobacillus genus from carrot fermentation produced bacteriocin with maximum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, though it was more effective against E. coli than others. Bacteriocin was stable at up to 100 °C but its activity declined compared to that at 68 °C and was completely lost at 121 °C. The maximum antimicrobial activity was retained within the pH range of 4–5, but it was adversely affected by the addition of papain. Bacteriocin was also effective against B. cereus in different fruit products (pulp, juice and wine) indicating its potential application as a biopreservative in fruit products

Review on: Pharmacological Activity of Caterpilllar fungus (Keeda Jadi)

In this review we focus about the pharmacology, biological characteristics and therapeutic uses of Caterpillar fungus (Keeda jari) which is also known as keeda ghaas, Yarsa gamba. It is found at high Himalayan mountains of India, Nepal and Tibet. It is found between 3500 and 5000 meters above sea level. It is an entomo-fungal combination of a larva of small moth, Hepialus armoricanus and a parasite fungus Cordyceps sinensis. Cordyceps is best known medicine for increasing physical stamina and sexual functions. It has been proven to improve liver, kidney, and lung functioning in addition to being routinely used to treat people with heart disease. Numerous investigations have shown that it possesses a wide range of biological functions and pharmacological potential despite not being harvested in a sustainable or deliberate manner