Gender analysis, scholarly productivity and collaboration of female university professors of Health Science in the Autonomous Region of Valencia (2003-2007)

[EN] The article presents an analysis of the scholarly output of female professors in the fi eld of Health Science in the Autonomous Region of Valencia from 2003 to 2007,through bibliometric techniques and the application of a gender variable. The work attempted to identify how many women became large producers of scholarly articles compared to those who did not reach the same levels of productivity and impact. A total of 3,739 articles were retrieved during this period and the gender of all authors with more than 2 articles was identifi ed. Of these authors 2,774 (60.41 %) were male and 1,818 (39.59 %) were female. Focusing solely on large producers, the percentage of women publishing more than 10 papers was reduced to 26.72 %. As regards to scientifi collaboration, it is significant to note that women are included in all clusters of at least 10 authors and in some cases their presence is comparable with that of men. Although women’s participation is lower than men’s in all areas of nowledge, it is noteworthy that in Health Sciences the difference is not as great as in other technical areas. Women’s contribution to the scientifi c fi eld is increasing, suggesting the possibility of a signifi cant improvement in gender parity in the coming years.[ES]Se presenta la producción científica de las profesoras universitarias en el área de las Ciencias de la Salud de la Comunitat Valenciana durante el quinquenio 2003-2007 aplicando técnicas bibliométricas y realizando un análisis de género con el fin de conocer cuántas llegan a ser grandes productoras de artículos científicos frente a las que no alcanzan estos niveles de productividad e impacto. Se han recuperado 3.739 artículos durante el período estudiado, identificando el género de todos los autores con más de 2 artículos. De estos autores, 2.774 (60,41 %) son hombres y 1.818 (39,59 %) son mujeres, pero si se analizan solamente a los grandes productores, las autoras con más de 10 trabajos únicamente llegan a ser el 26,72 %. Respecto a la colaboración científica hay que resaltar que las mujeres están presentes en todas las redes de al menos 10 autores y en algunos casos su presencia se equipara a la de los hombres. Pese a que la participación de la mujer en todas las áreas del conocimiento es inferior a los hombres, en las Ciencias de la Salud la proporción es menor que en otras áreas técnicas. La aportación de las mujeres al ámbito científico es cada vez mayor pudiendo alcanzar la paridad con el paso de los años.Peer reviewe

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR): Its relation to neurological outcome in patients with survived cardiac arrest

Background: High serum levels of the inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have been associated with poor neurological outcome in patients after cardiac arrest (CA), but with inadequate and contradictive prediction values. The purpose of this study was to provide further evidence on the prognostic value of suPAR for the prediction of poor neurological outcome after initially survived CA. Methods: A total of 177 patients were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study. 85 patients with survived CA were included and the neurological outcome was assessed after 6 months. 71 patients with ST-segmental elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 21 healthy control patients served as comparative groups. Results: The serum suPAR levels on admission and the subsequent serum course were significantly higher in patients with CA as compared to STEMI and control patients. Furthermore, patients with poor neurological outcome showed significantly higher serum suPAR levels as compared to patients with good neurological outcome. By the use of ROC-curves and setting the specificities to 100%, inadequate sensitivities and cut-off values were calculated (day 2: sensitivity 21.1%, cut-off 10.2 ng/dl, AUC 0.716). By setting the specificities to at least 80% the best prediction values could be calculated for day 2 with a sensitivity of 57.9% and a cut-off value of 5.3 ng/dl. Conclusions: SuPAR serum levels in patients with poor neurological outcome were significantly higher as compared to patients with good neurological outcome. However, the prognostic value was low and inadequate because of a substantial overlap of serum suPAR levels between the outcome groups

Methodology of management of river basins geochemical balance in Western Siberia

Актуальность определяется наличием нерешенных вопросов оценки состояния водных объектов, их долгосрочного прогноза, нормирования антропогенных воздействий, очистки сточных вод и рекультивации водных объектов в Западной Сибири. Цель: разработка методологии управления геохимическим балансом водных экосистем Западной Сибири в различных природных и антропогенных условиях. Методы: ландшафтно-геохимический, географо-гидрологический, статистические методы, методы математического моделирования водного стока и химического состава вод. Результаты и выводы. Предложена методология управления геохимическим балансом водосборной территории, заключающаяся в: 1) оценке состояния водных объектов, тенденций его изменения и антропогенного влияния; 2) построении комплекса математических моделей, описывающих формирование водного стока и химического состава вод; 3) разработке мероприятий, позволяющих минимизировать антропогенное влияние на водные объекты; 4) оценке эффективности водоохранных мероприятий путем сравнения результатов наблюдений и моделирования. Разработан алгоритм определения элементов геохимического баланса водосборов. Охарактеризована направленность геохимических процессов в водных объектах Западной Сибири. Сформулированы ключевые аспекты выбора методов очистки сточных вод и рекультивации нарушенных земель. Показано, что строительство очистных сооружений целесообразно, если сброс неочищенных сточных вод составляет более 5 % от стока в замыкающем створе. Оптимальная структура очистки сточных вод предполагает широкое использование отстойников и сооружений биологической очистки с естественной аэрацией, которые рекомендуется совместить с естественными понижениями рельефа в долинах рек или внутри болот при условии инженерной защиты территории. Рекультивация может считаться эффективной, если разница между значениями элементов баланса до нарушения и после рекультивации не превышает 20 %.Relevance of the research is determined by a plenty of unresolved issues on estimation of water bodies condition and their long-term forecast, normalization of anthropogenous influences, sewage treatment and restoration of water bodies. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for management of geochemical balance of water ecological systems in Western Siberia in various natural and anthropogenous conditions. Methods: landscape and geochemical, geographical and hydrological, statistical methods, methods of mathematical modelling of a water flow and chemical composition of waters. Results and conclusions. The authors have proposed the methodology of management of river basin geochemical balance. It consists in: 1) estimation of of water bodies condition, tendencies of its change and anthropogenous influence; 2) construction of a complex of mathematical models describing water runoff formation and chemical composition of waters; 3) development of the actions, which allow minimizing anthropogenous influence on water bodies; 4) estimation of water-security actions efficiency by comparison of results of observations and simulating. The authors developed the algorithm for defining the elements of geochemical balance of river basins and characterized the orientation of geochemical processes in water bodies in Western Siberia. The key aspects of a choice of methods of sewage treatment and restoration of the broken areas are formulated. It is shown that construction of treatment facilities is reasonable if dump of the crude sewage makes more than 5 % from a runoff in closing section. The optimum structure of sewage treatment assumes wide use of sediment basins and constructions of biological clearing with natural aeration which are desirable for combining with natural downturn of a relief in river valleys or inside bogs for condition of engineering protection of territory. Restoration can be considered effective if the difference between values of elements of balance before infringement and after restoration does not exceed 20 %