Some Folk Antidiabetic Medicinal Herb of Himachal Pradesh

The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing day by day at an alarming worldwide. As per the statics of International Diabetic Federation, currently worldwide approximately 463 million adults (20–79 years) affected with diabetes that is expected to increase rise to 700 million by 2045. Diabetes and its complications imposes an economic loss to people with diabetes and their families, and to health systems and national economy. Diabetes is a complex disease which link with multiple of factors. Present reviewdocument the information of traditional used Antidiabetic plants by the inhabitants of Nadaun, District Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India. During the survey 31 Medicinal Plants have been documented on the basis of information collected from the respondents of the study area

Success Factors for e-Court Implementation at Allahabad High-Court

This paper is an attempt to study the important factors responsible for successful implementation of Electronic Court (e-Court) at Allahabad High Court India, to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of e-Court at Allahabad High Court and to conduct a feasibility analysis of replication of e-Court in lower courts of India. A qualitative case study approach was adopted comprising in-depth literature review and structured interview to conduct the study. Subsequently, NVivo 11 Pro software is used to analyze the recorded data and to identify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs). The findings of the study identified 23 CSFs for efficient and effective implementation of e-Court at Allahabad High Court. Also, feasibility analysis explored replication of e-Court in lower courts of India is possible after resolving few issues. The outcome will be helpful for efficient and effective implementation of e-Court in various other High Courts and lower courts of India as well as to enhance the effectiveness of process

Correlation between ischemic heart disease and coronary atherosclerosis: an autopsy based cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The most common cause of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is reduced blood flow due to obstructive lesions in the coronary arteries. In adults, IHD associated with coronary atherosclerosis and acquired forms of cardiomyopathy are the most common findings of autopsies. Aim and objectives were to study age and gender related prevalence of IHD in population of Sonepat district of Haryana and its association with coronary atherosclerosis in autopsy cases. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from April 2019-March 2020 for a duration of one year on 140 post-mortem heart specimens received in the department of pathology at Bhagat Phool Singh government medical college for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana. Sections from various parts of heart and from three main coronary arteries were processed and examined. Results: In our study, 22 cases (15.71%) of chronic IHD (CIHD) and 7 cases (5%) of myocardial infarction (MI) was observed. The overall prevalence of IHD was 20.7%. All 7 cases (100%) of MI and 95.46% of CIHD revealed atherosclerosis in their coronary arteries. A highly significant statistical correlation was observed between IHD and atherosclerosis p<0.05 (p=0.001). All the cases of MI and 81.82% of CIHD were observed in more than or equal to 40 years age group. Conclusions: The awareness regarding atherosclerosis and various preventive and screening of cardiovascular risk factors should be initiated in young population as early as second decade

Skyrmions and magnetic bubbles in spin-orbit coupled metallic magnets

Motivated by the observation of Skyrmion-like magnetic textures in 2D itinerant ferromagnets Fe$_n$GeTe$_2$ ($n \geq3$), we develop a microscopic model combining itinerant magnetism and spin-orbit coupling on a triangular lattice. The ground state of the model in the absence of magnetic field consists of filamentary magnetic domain walls revealing a striking similarity with our magnetic force microscopy experiments on Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. In the presence of magnetic field, these filaments were found to break into large size magnetic bubbles in our experiments. We identify uniaxial magnetic anisotropy as an important parameter in the model that interpolates between magnetic Skyrmions and ferromagnetic bubbles. Consequently, our work uncovers new topological magnetic textures that merge properties of Skyrmions and ferromagnetic bubbles

High transport spin polarization in the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe4_4GeTe2_2

The challenging task of scaling-down the size of the power saving electronic devices can be accomplished by exploiting the spin degree of freedom of the conduction electrons in van der Waals (vdW) spintronic architectures built with 2D materials. One of the key components of such a device is a near-room temperature 2D ferromagnet with good metallicity that can generate a highly spin-polarized electronic transport current. However, most of the known 2D ferromagnets have either a very low temperature ordering, poor conductivity, or low spin polarization. In this context, the Fe$_n$GeTe$_2$ (with $n\geq3$) family of ferromagnets stand out due to their near-room temperature ferromagnetism and good metallicity. We have performed spin-resolved Andreev reflection spectroscopy on Fe$_4$GeTe$_2$ ($T_{Curie} \sim$ 273 K) and demonstrated that the ferromagnet is capable of generating a very high transport spin polarization, exceeding 50$\%$. This makes Fe$_4$GeTe$_2$ a strong candidate for application in all-vdW power-saving spintronic devices.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Impact of Myo-Inositol on Ovary and Menstrual Cycle in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) – A Therapeutic Approach

Background: Women of reproductive age develop menstrual irregularities along with infertility because of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); the most common endocrine disorder. Myo-inositol (MI) is found to have a proven role in the treatment of this disorder.  The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Myo-inositol in regulating the menstrual cycle in women with PCOS. Methods: The study was conducted in 2019 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a tertiary care hospital with a sample of 50 women aged 18-45 years, having PCOS diagnosed with complaints of irregular menstrual cycles. Women with ovulatory dysfunction were excluded. Myo-inositol was given as 2 gm/day for 3 months. Pre- and post-trial data were collected, compared and analyzed through SPSS version 23 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean±SD age of participant women was 27.68 ± 4.787 years. The menstrual cycle duration increased from Mean±SD 4.36 ± 2.22 to 4.70 ± 1.51 days after treatment with MI. The cycle flow increased from 19.10 ± 37.92 to 14.12 ± 13.34 ml (p-value < 0.001 each). Right and left ovary volume also decreased (p-value < 0.001 each) post-treatment. There were significant improvements in cycle flow severity towards normal pattern (from 14% to 80%; p-value < 0.001). The efficacy of Myo-inositol in regulating menstrual flow severity increased with decreasing age (p-value = <0.0001). Conclusion: Myo-Inositol was found efficacious in the treatment of PCOS and corrects menstrual irregularities, and menstrual flow, and normalizes ovarian volumes. Keywords: Inositol; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS); Menstrual Irregularities; Myo-inositol

Dynamics of Insulin Signaling in the Black-Legged Tick, Ixodes scapularis

Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) have been identified in several invertebrates, particularly insects, and work on these ILPs has revealed many roles including regulation of energy homeostasis, growth, development, and lifespan to name a few. However, information on arthropod ILPs outside of insects is sparse. Studies of Ixodid tick ILPs are particularly scarce, despite their importance as vectors of infectious agents, most notably Lyme disease. The recent publication of the genome of the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, has advanced opportunities to study this organism from a molecular standpoint, a resource sorely needed for an organism with challenging life history requirements for study in the laboratory, such as a long life cycle and obligate, prolonged, blood-feeding at each life stage. Through bioinformatics searches of the tick genome and other available I. scapularis databases, we identified four putative ILP sequences. Full-length sequences of these ILP transcripts were confirmed, and quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine expression levels of these ILPs in different life stages, feeding states, and adult tissues. This work serves as an initial characterization of ILP expression in ticks and provides the foundation for further exploration of the roles of ILPs in these important arthropod vectors

Transfersomes as a Surfactant-based Ultradeformable Liposome

In the modern era, there are numerous ways for drug delivery. The change in time has led to the progress of drug delivery systems gaining significant development. Even though most of the drugs are administered orally i.e., in conventional dosage form it has its limitations too like poor patient compliance, metabolism in the liver's first passage, poor absorption, and fluctuations in plasma level.Because our skin is indeed the largest organ, transdermal medication administration has received increased attention in recent years. Many lipids nanovesicles like Liposomes, Niosome, Ethosome, and Transfersomes have been developed as a carrier for transdermal drug delivery. But out of them, Transfersomes are the ones which are of great interest as they show better permeation among all as most of the other carriers cannot pass through the stratum corneum. The method of transdermal medication administration has been used to provide controlled and targeted action and can act as topical and dermal preparation. This review provides basic information about Transfersomes, their mechanism of action, applications, and comparison with other lipid nanocarriers

Cost‑Effectiveness of TrueNat as Compared to GeneXpert as a Diagnostic Tool for Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis/MDR Tuberculosis under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program of India

Background: According to a study on global burden of tuberculosis (TB), India witnessed 60,000 pediatric deaths in the year 2015. In India, most of the children do not get diagnosed with tuberculosis for various reasons. Aims and Objectives: This study will evaluate the cost‑effectiveness of TrueNat and GeneXpert diagnostic strategies used for tuberculosis detection in children, thus aiding policymakers for taking evidence‑based decisions. Materials and Methods: For this cost‑effectiveness study, a systematic review was done to extract the evidence for estimates of effectiveness of current TB diagnostic tools. Evidence pertinent to cost per test including all direct, indirect costs and health benefits in terms of quality‑adjusted life years were researched and documented. Full economic evaluations available in the literature were also explored. Results: The results of the study showed that TrueNat is more cost‑effective when compared to GeneXpert in the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis cases leading to more life years gained and deaths averted. 13,260 additional cases can be detected with TrueNat with an incremental cost of $14.36 per additional case detected. The incremental cost‑effectiveness ratio per life year gained was found to be 20.01.Conclusion: TrueNat proved to be beneficial and cost‑effective as compared to GeneXpert MTB being used in case of children. We recommend the use of TrueNat diagnostic test in India as it is in congruence with Indian health‑care settings

Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Mortality Among Patients With Prostate Cancer and COVID-19

Importance: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been theorized to decrease the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with prostate cancer owing to a potential decrease in the tissue-based expression of the SARS-CoV-2 coreceptor transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Objective: To examine whether ADT is associated with a decreased rate of 30-day mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study analyzed patient data recorded in the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium registry between March 17, 2020, and February 11, 2021. The consortium maintains a centralized multi-institution registry of patients with a current or past diagnosis of cancer who developed COVID-19. Data were collected and managed using REDCap software hosted at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Initially, 1228 patients aged 18 years or older with prostate cancer listed as their primary malignant neoplasm were included; 122 patients with a second malignant neoplasm, insufficient follow-up, or low-quality data were excluded. Propensity matching was performed using the nearest-neighbor method with a 1:3 ratio of treated units to control units, adjusted for age, body mass index, race and ethnicity, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, smoking status, comorbidities (cardiovascular, pulmonary, kidney disease, and diabetes), cancer status, baseline steroid use, COVID-19 treatment, and presence of metastatic disease. Exposures: Androgen deprivation therapy use was defined as prior bilateral orchiectomy or pharmacologic ADT administered within the prior 3 months of presentation with COVID-19. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the rate of all-cause 30-day mortality after COVID-19 diagnosis for patients receiving ADT compared with patients not receiving ADT after propensity matching. Results: After exclusions, 1106 patients with prostate cancer (before propensity score matching: median age, 73 years [IQR, 65-79 years]; 561 (51%) self-identified as non-Hispanic White) were included for analysis. Of these patients, 477 were included for propensity score matching (169 who received ADT and 308 who did not receive ADT). After propensity matching, there was no significant difference in the primary end point of the rate of all-cause 30-day mortality (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.42-1.42). Conclusions and Relevance: Findings from this cohort study suggest that ADT use was not associated with decreased mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, large ongoing clinical trials will provide further evidence on the role of ADT or other androgen-targeted therapies in reducing COVID-19 infection severity