Valutazione della sensibilita all?itraconazolo di isolati ambientali e clinici di miceti del genere Aspergillus

Gli Aspergilli sono funghi ambientali che frequentemente provocano gravi infezioni in pazienti neutropenici. Recentemente nel nord Europa sono state segnalate numerose resistenze agli azoli, farmaci di prima scelta nel trattamento di tali infezioni. Scopo della presente tesi sperimentale è stato valutare la sensibilità all'itraconazolo, con il metodo della microdiluizione EUCAST E. DEF 9.1, di 107 isolati identificati a partire da substrati provenienti da 96 campionamenti effettuati dal 2011. Sono stati esaminati N. 72 campioni ambientali e N. 24 prelevati da casi clinici di volatili. Gli isolati micotici provenienti dai campioni ambientali ammontano a N. 94 di cui N. 7 A. fumigatus, N. 45 A. niger, N. 27 A. flavus, N. 10 A. terreus, N. 3 A. ustus, e N. 2 A. candidus. Gli isolati clinici erano rappresentati da N. 13 A. fumigatus risultati sempre sensibili all'itraconazolo alle prove di microdiluizione. Tra i campioni ambientali, N. 14 isolati di A. niger su 45, N. 2/27 di A. flavus e N. 1/10 di A. terreus hanno mostrato capacità di crescita su RPMI 1640 fino a concentrazione di itraconazolo ≥ 8mg/L. Nessuno tra i nostri isolati delle specie di A. candidus, A. ustus e A. fumigatus ha mostrato invece resistenza alle medesime prove di sensibilità. The genus Aspergillus are environmental moulds that frequently cause severe infections in neutropenic patients. Recently in northern Europe various resistances to azoles have been reported, drugs of first line in the treatment of such infections. The purpose of this experimental thesis was to evaluate the susceptibility in vitro to itraconazole, with the method of EUCAST E. DEF 9.1 microdilution method of 107 isolates identified starting from 96 substrates samples taken from 2011. No. 72 environmental samples and No. 24 taken from clinical cases of birds were examined. Fungal isolates from environmental samples amounted to No. 94: No. 7 A. fumigatus, No. 45 A. niger, No. 27 A. flavus, No. 10 A. terreus, No. 3 A. ustus, and No. 2 A. candidus. The clinician isolates were represented by No. 13 A. fumigatus always resulted susceptible to itraconazole in microdilution tests. Among environmental samples, No. 14/45 isolates of A. niger, No. 2/27 of A. flavus and No. 1/10 of A. terreus showed growth capacity on RPMI 1640 broth up to ≥ 8mg / L of final itraconazole concentration. Instead, none of our isolates of the species of A. candidus, A. fumigatus and A. ustus were able to grow with 8 mg/L of itraconazole

Inside IFRS : accounting and financial reporting fundamentals

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2678/thumbnail.jp

A Study of the Feasibility of Reorganization of the Collins-Maxwell School Districts

72 leaves. Advisor: Dr.a Charles RowleyThe problem. Since the 1968 study by Drake University, the Department of School Administration, College of Education, and the 1970 survey by Richard Dexter, no action has been taken to reorganize any of the five school districts in East Story County which includes the Collins and Maxwell School Districts. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a Collins-Maxwell reorganization. Procedure. A questionnaire was mailed to the board members of the Collins and Maxwell School Districts and an interview was held with their respective superintendents. Findings. Enrollments are decreasing in the Collins and Maxwell School Districts according to projected enrollments. The curriculums of both districts stress academics and do not offer enough units of credits in order to provide students with a comprehensive education. A majority of the board members indicated that they thought reorganization is needed and that it would benefit the students' possibility of a better education. Conclusions. Enrollments in the Collins and Maxwell School Districts will continue to decrease. A reorganization of the Collins and Maxwell Schools would create a substantial increase in the amount of units of credits the students could be offered, therefore providing a comprehensive education. Recommendations. Each district must face the reality of declining enrollment and the effect it will have on its educational program. Reorganization should be considered as a means to improve educational programs and not to cut costs. The Collins and Maxwell School Districts should reorganize in the very near future with consideration given to the possibility of including a third district

Cluster of legionnaires’ disease in an Italian prison

Background: Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is the most common etiologic agent causing Legionnaires’ Disease (LD). Water systems offer the best growth conditions for Lp and support its spread by producing aerosols. From 2015 to 2017, the Regional Reference Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis of Palermo monitored the presence of Lp in nine prisons in Western Sicily. During this investigation, we compared Lp isolates from environmental samples in a prison located in Palermo with isolates from two prisoners in the same prison. Methods: We collected 93 water samples from nine Sicilian prisons and the bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) of two prisoners considered cases of LD. These samples were processed following the procedures described in the Italian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Legionellosis of 2015. Then, genotyping was performed on 19 Lp colonies (17 from water samples and 2 from clinical samples) using the Sequence-Based Typing (SBT) method, according to European Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI) protocols. Results: Lp serogroup (sg) 6 was the most prevalent serogroup isolated from the prisons analyzed (40%), followed by Lp sg 1 (16%). Most of all, in four penitentiary institutions, we detected a high concentration of Lp >104 Colony Forming Unit/Liter (CFU/L). The environmental molecular investigation found the following Sequence Types (STs) in Lp sg 6: ST 93, ST 292, ST 461, ST 728, ST 1317 and ST 1362, while most of the isolates in sg 1 belonged to ST 1. We also found a new ST that has since been assigned the number 2451 in the ESGLI-SBT database. From the several Lp sg 1 colonies isolated from the two BALs, we identified ST 2451. Conclusions: In this article, we described the results obtained from environmental and epidemiological investigations of Lp isolated from prisons in Western Sicily. Furthermore, we reported the first cluster of Legionnaires’ in an Italian prison and the molecular typing of Lp sg 1 from one prison’s water system and two BALs, identified the source of the contamination, and discovered a new ST

Le fondazioni di ricerca e di assistenza sanitaria: alcuni aspetti giuridici

[Foundations of research and health care: some legal aspects]IRCCS Foundations have been recently created by Legislative Decree number 288 (16th October 2003) as part of the reorganization of the Institutes of hospitalization and treatment of scientific value (IRCSS – Istituti di ricerca e cura a carattere scientifico). The decree allows the IRCCS to change into IRCCS Foundations with a national importance, open to the participation of public and private entities. IRCCS have been defined by the Ministry of Health as hospitals of excellence aimed at research in the biomedical field and in the organization and management of the health service. Due to the recognition of their “scientific value”, since they deal with particular pathologies of national importance, they have been qualified as IRCCS. Moreover, they can enjoy a public fund and a regional fund, which allow them to carry out their research in specific areas such as oncology, disabling chronic degenerative diseases, pediatric psychiatry, rehabilitation and organ transplants, etc. IRCCS are defined as public or private entities with “national relevance” provided with autonomy and juridical personality which aims at two main goals: a) biomedical research and clinical and translational; b) the organization and management of healthcare services. The creation of Foundations was the consequence of the economic crisis that hospitals were going through: the new legal entities have brought in fresh aids, both public and private, that Foundations can use with the obligation of non-profit and to invest in research all the incomes from other activities. The Foundations have been included into the National Health Service. With the Legislative Decree n. 288/2003, IRCCS-Foundations show a new model of administration. The aim of the Legislative Decree n. 288/2003 is also oriented to the reorganization of IRCCS, promoting a new but non conflicting relationship between public and private sectors working together to achieve the same goals

Psicoterapia Psicoanalítica: Efectos de la transferencia y de la contratransferencia en el Diagnóstico Psicológico a los fines de la Psicoterapia

El Proyecto “Psicoterapia Psicoanalítica: efectos de la Transferencia y de la Contratransferencia en el Diagnóstico Psicológico a los fines de la Psicoterapia”, constituye un avance respecto de las investigaciones anteriores realizadas por el director del proyecto desde el año 1997 hasta la actualidad.  Remarcar este aspecto implica, que las investigaciones realizadas desde entonces y hasta la actualidad han ido en sí mismas generando nuevas “ideas llaves” (Borgogno, 2004; Estrada, 2007). Esta continuidad la consideramos como única manera de profundizar y de dar cuenta de estos temas clínicos planteados (diagnóstico y psicoterapia) tan importantes y delicados. Por ejemplo en la investigación: “Aplicación y validación del método del Diagnóstico Psicológico a través de la Transferencia: una continuidad investigativa en la Cátedra de Psicoterapia” del año 2006,  intentamos dar cuenta de un modo operativo que considero fundamental para el diagnóstico psicológico y la estrategia psicoterapéutica. Lo novedoso del planteo consiste en darle una predominancia fundamental a la transferencia, su relación con la contratransferencia, en el vínculo psicólogo-paciente.  Aspecto que observamos  que en la práctica de la psicología no es contemplado, y que puede ser motivo de debate en cuanto a que no toma en cuenta la singularidad de esta “agalma” (Allouch, 2009) paciente-terapeuta, diagnóstico-psicoterapia. Debate realizado en las Jornadas de la Cátedra de Psicoterapia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, en noviembre de 2006.  Se consignan en el trabajo las conclusiones del mismo. Desde hace tres años la directora del proyecto se aboca a la profundización teórica y experiencial de ambos conceptos transferencia-contratransferencia con especialistas en Paris, Francia. Los alumnos de la Cátedra de Psicoterapia participaron activamente en la experiencia a través de la inclusión en el programa de la Cátedra de lo que la Titular llamó Evaluación Inicial (Programas de Cátedra)

Pablo Trapero: La calle en el cine

El cine es un sistema de representaciones que generan sentido, en el caso del cine narrativo, a partir de historias. Quienes las construyen, toman elementos de la realidad para crear personajes, escenografías y conflictos. El nuevo cine argentino es una corriente que ha afirmado una identidad y posee particularidades propias en relación a esta tarea. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reconocer cómo caracteriza el director Pablo Trapero a los sectores sociales en sus últimas tres producciones y de qué manera plantea la distribución de capitales a través de las luchas simbólicas dentro de éstas. Para ello, se despliega un sistema de categorías elaborado a partir de los conceptos de la teoría sociológica de Bourdieu acerca del espacio social, campos, habitus y los distintos capitales que ponen en juego los agentes en la búsqueda de concretar sus intereses y la obtención de beneficios. A través de tales categorías, se observarán las producciones y se analizarán las composiciones del entramado social presentado en las distintas películas

Checklists and illustrative financial statements for state and local governmental units : a financial reporting practice aid, June 2004 edition

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1938/thumbnail.jp

Servizio Civile Nazionale, Associazionismo e Volontariato

il contributo contiene una analisi del percorso che ha condotto all'istituzione del Servizio Civile Nazionale ed una riflessione sugli scenari sociali e politici che ne hanno determinato lo sviluppo. Particolare attenzione è stata data inoltre al ruolo del volontariato e dell'associazionismo ed alla loro capacità di innescare meccanismi di autocoscientizzazione, di autogoverno e di partecipazione alla cittadinanza attiva

Redox modulation by plant polyphenols targeting vitagenes for chemoprevention and therapy: Relevance to novel anti-cancer interventions and mini-brain organoid technology

The scientific community, recently, has focused notable attention on the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of dietary polyphenols for human health. Emerging evidence demonstrates that polyphenols, flavonoids and vitamins counteract and neutralize genetic and environmental stressors, particularly oxidative stress and inflammatory process closely connected to cancer initiation, promotion and progression. Interestingly, polyphenols can exert antioxidant or pro-oxidant cytotoxic effects depending on their endogenous concentration. Notably, polyphenols at high dose act as pro-oxidants in a wide type of cancer cells by inhibiting Nrf2 pathway and the expression of antioxidant vitagenes, such as NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), glutathione transferase (GT), GPx, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) and thioredoxin (Trx) system which play an essential role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), detoxification of xenobiotics and inhibition of cancer progression, by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest according to the hormesis approach. Importantly, mutagenesis of Nrf2 pathway can exacerbate its "dark side" role, representing a crucial event in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. Herein, we review the hormetic effects of polyphenols and nanoincapsulated-polyphenols in chemoprevention and treatment of brain tumors via activation or inhibition of Nrf2/vitagenes to suppress carcinogenesis in the early stages, and thus inhibit its progression. Lastly, we discuss innovative preclinical approaches through mini-brain tumor organoids to study human carcinogenesis, from basic cancer research to clinical practice, as promising tools to recapitulate the arrangement of structural neuronal tissues and biological functions of the human brain, as well as test drug toxicity and drive personalized and precision medicine in brain cancer