H. E. Manning’s ideas on the church as an Anglican

Manning's Anglican career was essentially a time of transition in which he transferred his allegiance from the Evangelical to the High Church wing of the Church of England. This transition was the result of his working out of certain principles that all his life he was to hold very dear. His fundamental concern was with the unity and authority of the Church. Like the early Tract writers he based this authority on the Apostolic Succession of the ministry and this led him to study tradition and its part in the rule of faith. His view of tradition as the interpreter of the Scriptures marks his break with, the Evangelical party in the Church. This view of the role of tradition, in turn, gave way to the idea of the infallibility of the Church, guaranteed by the perpetual presence of the Holy Spirit. Closely linked with the idea of the authority of the Church was Manning's idea of the unity of the Church. This reached its fullest expression in his book on the subject in which he defended the Church of England as a branch of the true Church. This view he was later to repudiate when he became convinced that the Church of England was in schism. Manning worked out his ideas while leading a public life which exposed him to the full force of the Erastianism of the times. His thinking brought him to the position where he was confronted by what seemed to be the equal claims of the Churches of England and Rome to be the true Church. But events such as the Hampden affair and the Gorham case were to tip the scales and lead him to repudiate the Church of England and join the Church of Rome

Points of view and blind spots: ELF and SLA

Despite far-reaching changes in the English-speaking world along with serious critiques of the traditional premises of SLA research, little has changed in the way English is taught to its second language learners. In line with mainstream SLA's view of English learners from the expanding circle as learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), English is still taught as though the primary need of learners is to be able to communicate with its native speakers, and with the assumption that correct English is either Standard British or Standard American English. This article argues that mainstream SLA research can no longer afford to ignore the massive growth in the use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), highlights the irrelevance for ELF of concepts such as interlanguage and fossilization, and explores the extent to which a number of alternative perspectives offer greater promise for ELF. It concludes by making a case for ELF as neither EFL nor (failed) native English but as occupying a legitimate third space of its own

Language and identity among British South Asians: a theoretical review.

Given the pervasiveness of language in social life and the implications that language use can have for one’s individual and collective identities, attempts were made to explore the theoretical and empirical advantages in connecting social psychological theories of identity and sociological/sociolinguistic approaches to language use and language choices in order to make sense of language and identity among second-generation British Asians. The current theoretical essay features a brief overview of the sociology of British Asians in the United Kingdom and a detailed consideration of dominant theories of identity in social psychology, namely, Social Identity Theory Tajfel (1982), Self-Aspects Model of Identity (Simon 2004) and Identity Process Theory (Breakwell 1986). It is considered that the latter two theories lend themselves readily to the study of language and identity. The present essay considers the substantive literature on language and identity and deconstructs notions such as ‘mother tongue’ in an attempt to demonstrate the constructedness of such terminology. It is argued that a social psychological approach to questions of language and identity among British South Asians is a valid one and that a qualitative methodological approach is particularly well-suited to the area under investigation