34,415 research outputs found
Structural Flyby Characterization of Nanoporosity
Recently, Ferreira da Silva et al. [3] have performed a gradient pattern
analysis of a canonical sample set (CSS) of scanning force microscopy (SFM)
images of p-Si. They applied the so-called Gradient Pattern Analysis to images
of three typical p-Si samples distinguished by different absorption energy
levels and aspect ratios. Taking into account the measures of spatial
asymmetric fluctuations they interpreted the global porosity not only in terms
of the amount of roughness, but rather in terms of the structural complexity
(e.g., walls and fine structures as slots). This analysis has been adapted in
order to operate in a OpenGL flyby environment (the StrFB code), whose
application give the numerical characterization of the structure during the
flyby real time. Using this analysis we compare the levels of asymmetric
fragmentation of active porosity related to different materials as p-Si and
"porous diamond-like" carbon. In summary we have shown that the gradient
pattern analysis technique in a flyby environment is a reliable sensitive
method to investigate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the complex morphology
of active nanostructures
Wage effects of non-wage labour costs
We study wage effects of two important elements of non-wage labour costs: firing costs and payroll taxes. We exploit a reform that introduced substantial reduction in these two provisions for unemployed workers aged less than thirty and over forty five years. Theoretical insights are gained with a matching model with heterogeneous workers, which predict a positive effect on wages for new entrant workers but an ambiguous effect for incumbent workers. Difference-in-differences estimates, which account for the endogeneity of the treatment status, are consistent with our model predictions and suggest that decreased firing costs and payroll taxes have a positive effect on wages of new entrants. We find larger effects for older than for younger workers and for men than for women. Calibration and simulation of the model corroborate such positive effect for new entrants and also show a positive wage effect for incumbents. The reduction in firing costs accounts, on average, for one third of the overall wage increase.Dismissal costs, payroll tax, evaluation of labour market reforms, difference-in-difference, matching model, Spain
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