THE VARIABILITY OF SOME CHARACTERS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH THE YIELD OF AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF AUTUMN WHEAT VARIETIES, TESTED ON THE CHERNOZEM FROM ARDS CARACAL

In 2021 year, 120 cultivars of winter wheat were tested on the Caracal chernozem in microplots. The following traits were determined: yield, thousand kernel weight, test weight, days from 01.01 to heading date. The variability of the characters was studied by the method of boxplots and variability coefficients. The obtained yield registered values between 12306 kg / ha for the Romanian cultivar Ursita and 5803 kg / ha for the KWS Marvel cultivar. The plant height had values between 110 cm for the Kapitol cultivar and 69 cm for the Avenue cultivar. The test weight showed values in the range 78 kg / hl (Apexus) - 64.2 kg / hl (Atuan). The thousand kernel weight recorded values between 47.2 g for the SY Starlord cultivar and 29.29 g for the Amburgo cultivar. The period from 01.01 to heading date lasted between 143 days (Sophie and Lennox) and 123 days (Tata Mata and Felix). The highest coefficient of variability was presented by the yield, this being over 10%. The lowest variability was registered by the test weight and the period from 01.01 to heading date, the values being around 3%. The analysis of the variability of the yield by the boxplot method highlighted a negative outlier (KWS Marvel cultivar). From the point of view of plant height, by the same method, three positive outliers were observed - Kapitol, Bezostaia and Exotic. Their height - 110, 109, and 108 cm, respectively, is significantly larger than that of all other cultivars. The values of the calculated correlation coefficients suggested that in the climatic conditions of 2020-2021 agricultural year, the yield was not correlated with any of the studied characters, the coefficients being below 0.21 (the value from which the correlation could be considered significant at P = 5%)

WHERE ARE THE FOREIGN WHEAT CULTIVARS IN COMPETITION WITH THE ROMANIAN CULTIVARS? -EXPERIMENTS ON THE CHERNOZEM FROM CARACAL IN THE PERIOD 2019-2021

In the period 2019-2021, 131 cultivars of winter wheat were tested on the chernozem from Caracal in a network of within- and between-annual experiments (1-12 experiments located in 1-3 years). The study was performed only on the cultivars tested in at least 3 experiments (77 cultivars), grouped in 7 categories: Romanian cultivars (17), SYNGENTA cultivars (10), LIDEA cultivars (14), LG cultivars (7), AXEREAL cultivars (7), KWS cultivars (6), cultivars of various origins (16). Forty- four of the cultivars were tested in each of the 3 years studied, the average yields being between 10599 kg / ha for the Anapurna cultivar and 6793 kg / ha for the Bezostaia cultivar. In the top 15 were the Romanian cultivars Biharia (9843 kg / ha), Miranda (9701 kg / ha) and Abundent (9630 kg / ha)

New Directions for Symptoms and Diagnosis in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia represents one challenging mental disorder from all the psychotic spectrum, considered to be a major health problem worldwide and because of the characteristic symptoms, the diagnosis is associated with high levels of stigmatization. It is quite common that the first acute symptoms to occur in early adult life and cause severe distress not only to the patient in need but also to their families. The schizophrenia clinical picture is usually misunderstood by the general public and consists of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganized speech or behavior during a specific amount of time. In order to establish an accurate diagnosis, it requires taking into consideration both international classification systems, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and The International Classification of diseases (ICD-10), adding a fresh perspective to the newest chapter of ICD-11 called “Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders”, alongside with the diagnosis criteria, other new symptoms such as cognitive impairment emerge as an important feature of schizophrenia