Normal soaking extraction (NSE) of rotenone from Derris elliptica

Derris elliptica or the tuba plant contains rotenone, bio-active compound known that has the potential to be used as bio-pesticide. Bio-pesticide is the best-known alternative bio-pesticide which has the potential to replace the use of conventional pesticides, as it is more environmentally friendly. The main objective of the paper is to obtain the best extraction solvent for optimizing the yield in rotenone extraction. Rotenone was extracted from Derris root using three different parts of roots and three types of solvent in Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE). The types of Derris roots are: (1) Fine root (2) Coarse root (3) Stem. The three types of solvent system are: (1) Acetone 95 % (v/v), (2) Chloroform 99.9 % (v/v) and (3) a mixture of ethanol: H2O (9:1) added with oxalic acid (1mg/ml). The liquid crude extracts were further cleaned up to remove the fine debris of roots. The presence of rotenone was confirmed using qualitative analysis Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and thereupon the determination of rotenone content was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the results obtained, it was found that the Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE) using acetone 95 % (v/v) was the best method to extract the highest yield of rotenone; 1.14 % (w/w)

Pengaruh Laba, Arus Kas Operasi, Arus Kas Bebas, dan Pembayaran Dividen Kas Sebelumnya terhadap Dividen Kas yang Diterima oleh Pemegang Saham (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

The objective of this research is to examine and analyze the influence of earnings, operating cash flow, free cash flow, and last year cash dividend both simultaneously and partially toward cash dividend received by stock holders on listed companies from the manufacturing sector at the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the year 2001-2005. The research type used is verificative research by using census method.The target population of this research is listed companies from the manufacturing sector at the Indonesia Stock Exchange which have positive earnings, operating cash flow, free cash flow and pay cash dividend both current year and last year. After being selected, there are 11 companies as target population. Because this research is done for five years, the total observations are 55. The multiple regression model is used to examine the influence of earnings, operating cash flow, free cash flow, and last year cash dividend both simultaneously and partially toward cash dividend received by stock holders.The results of this research show that (1) earnings, operating cash flow, free cash flow, and last year cash dividend simultaneously have influence toward cash dividend received by stock holders, (2) partially, earnings, free cash flow, and last year cash dividend have positive influence toward cash dividend received by stock holders, whereas operating cash flow has negative influence toward cash dividend received by stock holders

Sterilization Study: Vasectomy and Tubectomy

Birth planning for a couple from the first and subsequent births can be arranged so that the welfare of the community increases and other undesirable things can be anticipated from afar. The methods include using contraception or prevention of pregnancy and family planning. Sterilization is to spay a man or woman by operating (in general) so as not to produce offspring. Sterilization for men (vasectomy) and women (tubectomy). Procedurally, vasectomy in men is relatively simpler than tubectomy while the procedure for tubectomy is a bit complicated and complex

The Aquacultur Business of Jelawat ( Leptobarbus Hoevanii) at the Cages in Ranah Kampar Sub-District, Kampar Regency of Riau Province

Research on the aquacultur of Jelawat fish (Leptobarbus hoevanii) in the cages held in February 2015 at the Ranah village and Kampar subdistrict Kampar Regency. This research was aimed to find out how much production costs, how large the contribution costs of seeds and feed costs to the total cost of production as well as how large the profits obtained from the cultivation Jelawat fish in the cages. Based on the results of the research the costs of production incurred amounting to Rp. 40.608.500, the average contribution to the total feed cost is 80.5% while seeds cost total contribution towards total cost was 9.99% and the average profit earned by farmers is Rp. 6.515.500/harves. Thus the business in the cages of Jelawat fish profitable and useful the continued

Pengkajian Sistem USAhatani Terpadu Padi-kedelai/ Sayuran-ternak di Lahan Pasang Surut

The assessment was designed to help farmers to cultivate their land optimally. This assessment on integratedrice-soybean/vegetables-livestock farming system in tidal swamp land with B-C type flooding was the on-goingproject conducted in Bungai Jaya Village, Basarang District, Kapuas Regency covering an area of 13 hectaresmanaged by 20 cooperating farmers. Aims of the assessment were: (i) to conduct characterization of the region,farmers, and farming systems, (ii) to analyze farming system performance, (iii) to analyze farm business income, (iv)to study income structure of integrated farming system, and (v) to analyze adoption of introduced technology.Assessment approach was based on farm research by comparing farmers using introduced technology and those whodid not. B-C type tidal swamp land was suitable for integrated farming system applying surjan (sunk an d risen beds)system with a cropping pattern of rice - secondary crops on wet season and soybean – vegetables on dry season, andlivestock on home yards. Introduced technology was able to improve farming system performance and to increasefarmers\u27 incomes of Rp 9,873,500 on the dry season and Rp 8,887,000 on the wet season or higher than those of noncooperatingfarmers. Average R/C ratios of all crops grown were more than 2.5 implying that the technology wasfeasible to disseminate.Key words : integrated farming system, tidal swamp land, technology adoption, rice, soybeanDalam rangka mendukung program pembangunan pertanian di Kabupaten Kapuas yaitu programpengembangan kawasan pertanian terpadu melalui pemberdayaan lahan dan petani serta menumbuhkan pasar rakyatuntuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani, maka perlu dilakukan suatu pengkajian yang dapat membantu petani dalammengelola lahannya sehingga sesuai dengan potensi lahan yang ada dan sumberdaya yang tersedia. Pengkajianusahatani terpadu padi-kedelai/sayuran-ternak di lahan pasang surut tipe luapan B-C merupakan kegiatan lanjutan,yang dilaksanakan di Desa Bungai Jaya, Kecamatan Basarang Kabupaten Kapuas, dengan luas areal 13 ha danmelibatkan 20 orang petani koperator. Tujuan pengkajian adalah (1) melakukan karakterisasi wilayah, petani dansistem USAhatani, (2) melakukan analisis terhadap kinerja teknologi USAhatani, (3) melakukan analisis USAhatani, (4)mempelajari struktur pendapatan USAhatani terpadu, dan (5) melakukan analisis adopsi teknologi introduksi.Pendekatan pengkajian dilakukan secara on-farm research, dengan metode perbandingan berpasangan (pairlycomparison) yaitu membandingkan model USAhatani introduksi dengan model USAhatani ditingkat petani. Hasilpengkajian menunjukkan bahwa sesuai dengan karakteristik lahan dan petaninya, lahan pasang surut tipe B-Csebaiknya diusahakan secara terpadu dengan sistem surjan dengan pola tanam padi-palawija pada MH dan kedelaisayuranpada MK serta ternak di pekarangan. Secara fisik input teknologi yang diintroduksikan, dapat meningkatkankinerja USAhatani dan memberikan tambahan pendapatan sebesar Rp 9.873.500 pada MK dan Rp 8.887.000 pada MH,lebih besar dari pendapatan petani nonkoperator. Rata-rata R/C semua komoditas yang diusahakan > 2,5, sehinggateknologi ini layak dikembangkan

Evaluating The Performance Of Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Trong Clay Stabilized With Granite Sludge

This research paper aims to evaluate the potential usability of granite sludge as a stabilizer of Trong clay based on compressive strength. There are eight mixture combination between the clay and the stabilizer with ratios of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 wt% granite sludge. The value of shear strength is obtained through unconfined compression tests performed in the laboratory. The research found that the performance of unconfined compressive strength increased with the percentage of stabilizer. Sample S7 which contains 7% granite sludge is found to yield the highest unconfined compressive strength of 585kN/m2. This is 187% higher than unstrengthened sample. This study found that, the compressive strength improved with increased granite sludge content in the soil mixture.