Ocular Tuberculosis Initially Presenting as Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

A 23-year-old man presented with central retinal vein occlusion. The retinal haemorrhages worsened and signs of retinal vasculitis appeared later as vision dropped from 6/60 to Counting Fingers. No signs of systemic disease were observed. Routine Mantoux test and chest radiograph were negative for tuberculosis. Fundus flourescein angiogram confirmed presence of retinal vasculitis. Both systemic and topical corticosteroid therapy were ineffective. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of vitreous fluid showed presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A full 6-month course of antituberculosis therapy was given and inflammation subsided. Vision improved to 3/60. This is a rare case of ocular tuberculosis without evidence of systemic infection, presenting first as a central retinal vein occlusion

Persepsi masyarakat parlimen Pekan terhadap gagasan 1Malaysia

Malaysia merupakan negara yang terdiri daripada masyarakat yang berbilang etnik, kaum dan agama. Perbezaan ini memerlukan kepada satu gagasan yang mampu mengeratkan hubungan sedia ada. Justeru, pihak kerajaan melancarkan gagasan 1Malaysia dengan matlamat meningkatkan tahap hubungan sedia ada. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengetahui sejauh manakah penerimaan rakyat terhadap gagasan 1Malaysia yang dilancarkan oleh kerajaan, mengetahui halangan dan cabaran dalam merealisasikan gagasan 1Malaysia, mengenal pasti medium yang efektif dalam proses penyampaian gagasan 1Malaysia ke akar umbi dan menghasilkan model yang komprehensif untuk memajukan gagasan 1Malaysia. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian tersebut, kumpulan penyelidik telah menjalankan kajian kuantitatif dan kualitatif iaitu menggunakan instrumen soal selidik dan temu bual. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS dan N’Vivo 8.0. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan penerimaan rakyat terhadap gagasan 1Malaysia berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Kajian ini memberi manfaat kepada banyak pihak terutama pihak kerajaan dalam usaha memajukan gagasan 1Malaysia dan meningkatkan keharmonian hubungan antara kaum di negara ini

A Half-Circular Distribution on a Circle

Up to now, circular distributions are defined in [0,2 π), except for axial distributions on a semicircle. However, some circular data lie within just half of this range and thus may be better fitted by a half-circular distribution, which we propose and develop in this paper using the inverse stereographic projection technique on a gamma distributed variable. The basic properties of the distribution are derived while its parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. We show the practical value of the distribution by applying it to an eye data set obtained from a glaucoma clinic at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. © 2019 Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. All rights reserved

Tamadun Islam & tamadun asia

Buku ini merupakan himpunan hasil penulisan bersama para pensyarah Fakulti Tamadun Islam, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia yang terlibat secara langsung dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran TITAS. Buku ini terbahagi kepada lima bab. Bab 1 membincangkan tentang Pengenalan Ilmu Ketamadunan dari segi konsep tamadun; hubungan tamadun dengan agama, budaya, dan bangsa; ciri-ciri asas tamadun; objektif kursus ketamadunan; teori kelahiran, perkembangan, dan keruntuhan tamadun; interaksi antara pelbagai tamadun serta persamaan dan perbezaan antara tamadun. Bab 2 pula menumpukan kepada Tamadun Islam, iaitu dari segi konsep tamadun dalam Islam; sumber; asas dan matlamat Tamadun Islam; pandangan semesta Islam; dan ciri-ciri Tamadun Islam. Selanjutnya, Bab 3 memfokuskan kepada Tamadun Asia yang merangkumi Tamadun Melayu, China, dan India di mana fokus perbincangan adalah berkaitan dengan kelahiran, perkembangan, dan pencapaian serta pengaruh Islam dalam tamadun tersebut. Isu-isu Semasa Ketamadunan yang meliputi hegemoni Barat, globalisasi, Islam dan hak asasi manusia, Islam dan alam sekitar, konsep jihad dalam Islam, dialog peradaban, Islam dan dialog peradaban serta pendekatan dialog dalam 1Malaysia dibincangkan dalam Bab 4. Bab 5 merupakan bab penutup yang membincangkan tentang ilmu Islam tersebar ke Barat dan harapan sinar peradaban Islam

Traumatic optic neuropathy secondary to acupuncture treatment for glaucoma: A case report

Internal organ injuries have been recognized as a major complication of acupuncture. Reported ocular adverse events include traumatic cataract, oculomotor nerve injury, endophthalmitis and retinal puncture. We report a case of traumatic optic neuropathy and self-sealed globe perforation following acupuncture. A Chinese gentleman with primary open angle glaucoma presented with sudden loss of vision in the right eye after acupuncture therapy. The vision dropped to 2/60 from 6/6 premorbid. Relative afferent pupillary defect was present. Fundus examination showed hemorrhage from the optic disc into the vitreous. It is likely that the optic nerve injury occurred when the acupuncture needle was advanced deep into locations near the optic nerve. Main acupoints used in acupuncture treatment of glaucoma include Tongziliao GB-1, Jingming BL-1 and Chengqi ST-1. It is crucial to have a good understanding of ocular anatomy to avoid potentially blinding complications

Low nocturnal diastolic ocular perfusion pressure as a risk factor for NTG progression: a 5-year prospective study

Objective: To assess the relationship between baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and the 5-year visual field progression in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. Design: Prospective, longitudinal study. Methods: Sixty-five NTG patients who were followed up for 5 years are included in this study. All the enrolled patients underwent baseline 24-h IOP and BP monitoring via 2-hourly measurements in their habitual position and were followed up for over 5 years with reliable VF tests. Modified Anderson criteria were used to assess VF progression. Univariable and multivariable analyses using Cox's proportional hazards model were used to identify the systemic and clinical risk factors that predict progression. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to compare the time elapsed to confirmed VF progression in the presence or absence of each potential risk factor. Results: At 5-year follow-up, 35.4% of the enrolled patients demonstrated visual field progression. There were statistically significant differences in the mean diastolic blood pressure (p 43.7 mmHg (log rank = 0.018). Conclusion: Diastolic parameters of BP and OPP were significantly lower in the NTG patients who progressed after 5 years. Low nocturnal DOPP is an independent predictor of glaucomatous visual field progression in NTG patients

Primary ocular sporotrichosis with granulomatous conjunctivitis

Sporotrichosis is an infection which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii.  Primary ocular sporotrichosis is uncommon in non-endemic areas and may be easily misdiagnosed, leading to a delay in initiation of treatment.  In this case report, a 15-year-old girl, who is a post renal transplant patient presented with left eye swelling and localized redness at the medial canthal region.  She was initially treated with topical antibiotics but there was no improvement.  The addition of topical steroids led to the development of multiple nodules with central ulceration.  Examination of the left eye showed granulomatous conjunctivitis.  The features were suggestive of sporotrichosis and she was empirically started on oral itraconazole.  A biopsy of the lesion showed caseating granulomatous inflammation and fungal PCR tested positive for Sporothrix schenckii. Her symptoms and clinical findings completely resolved after 3 weeks on itraconazole; however, her liver function deteriorated, and patient opted to discontinue the medication

Baseline Central Visual Field Defect as a Risk Factor For NTG Progression

Precis:This 5-year follow-up study on normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients demonstrated that those with baseline central visual field (VF) defect progress at a more increased rate compared with those with peripheral field defect.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, including 24-hour ocular perfusion pressure and risk of progression in patients with baseline central VF defect, as compared with those with peripheral VF defect in NTG.Design:This was a prospective, longitudinal study.Methods:A total of 65 NTG patients who completed 5 years of follow-up were included in this study. All the enrolled patients underwent baseline 24-hour intraocular pressure and blood pressure monitoring via 2-hourly measurements in their habitual position and had ≥5 reliable VF tests during the 5-year follow-up. Patients were assigned to two groups on the basis of VF defect locations at baseline, the central 10 degrees, and the peripheral 10-to 24-degree area. Modified Anderson criteria were used to assess global VF progression over 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare the elapsed time of confirmed VF progression in the two groups. Hazard ratios for the association between clinical risk factors and VF progression were obtained by using Cox proportional hazards models.Results:There were no significant differences between the patients with baseline central and peripheral VF defects in terms of demography, clinical, ocular and systemic hemodynamic factors. Eyes with baseline defects involving the central fields progressed faster (difference: central=-0.78 dB/y, 95% confidence interval=-0.22 to-1.33, P=0.007) and have 3.56 times higher hazard of progressing (95% confidence interval=1.17-10.82, P=0.025) than those with only peripheral defects.Conclusion:NTG patients with baseline central VF involvement are at increased risk of progression compared with those with peripheral VF defect. © 2019 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved

CONSORT flow diagram of recruitment, treatment allocation and follow-up.

<p>CONSORT flow diagram of recruitment, treatment allocation and follow-up.</p