Review of the Causes of 1907 Panic and Aftermath

The Panic of 1907 is often known as the Panic that initiated the development of the Federal Reserve System (Bordo, 1985). The Panic of 1907 was “The beginning of the end of unregulated capital markets and banking system without the lender of the last resort in the United States.†(Fohlin, Gehrig and Haas, 2015, page 2). Numerous causes lead to the Panic of 1907 including: shadow banking, the San Francisco earthquake and fire, stock price manipulation, seasonal agriculture fluctuations, an outflow of gold, and higher interest rates. This paper reviews the primary literature on these causes, and how they led to the Panic of 1907 and the subsequent regulations culminating in the Federal Reserve Bank

Monopoly by Contract: The Practice of Franchised Fee and Royalty Rate

This paper uses a theoretical framework and a by use of a franchising model will examine the practice of charging a franchise fee for the use of the trademark and will show how this practice by controlling the number of franchised operations enables franchisor to extract monopoly profit. Paper will further examine the conditions which the joint practice of franchise fee and royalty rate allows extraction of monopoly rent