Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about Smoking in Jordanian Men who are Smokers and Hospitalized with a Cardiovascular Diagnosis

ABSTRACTBackground: Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death worldwide. Despite high rates of tobacco use and high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Jordan, little is known about smoking behaviors in patients who smoke and have CVD. Objectives: To describe perceptions and patterns of smoking in patients hospitalized with CVD in Amman, Jordan. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample from two hospitals. Data were collected using medical record abstraction and structured interviews. Results: This sample of consists of 112 men who were hospitalized with CVD; they were middle-aged (52.5 ± 9.7 years), most were married, educated (≥ high school), and had incomes above the national average. The mean number of years of cigarette smoking was [35.9 (±10.4)], and they smoked 24.5(±13.62) cigarettes per day. The majority (82.3%) had medium to high nicotine dependence. About 40% had attempted to quit smoking in the past 12 months using "their own way without help from others," and intend to quit in the future using the same unsuccessful methods. The men were unaware of hazards of smoking such as stroke and addiction to nicotine; nor of the long term health benefits of quitting smoking. A logistic regression analysis showed that men with higher income (OR: 7.7, 95% CI: 2.7, 22.3), with longer hospital stays (OR: 2.6, 95% CI:1.3, 5.3), in acute cardiac settings (OR:3.9, 95% CI:1.2, 12.7), and a diagnosis of an acute CVD event (OR:3.0, 95% CI:1.1, 8.3) were more confident in their ability to quit smoking.Discussion: The key findings were that men with CVD were heavy smokers, unaware of the addictive nature of smoking and of the benefits of quitting. Some had previous unsuccessful quit attempts using their own methods, but planned to use these methods again in the future. These findings suggest that every patient admitted to the hospital must be screened for smoking status. Those who smoke need to be offered evidence based smoking cessation education and counseling

Knowledge and beliefs about smoking and goals for smoking cessation in hospitalized men with cardiovascular disease

ObjectivesTo describe perceptions of smoking in men hospitalized with cardiovascular disease (CVD).BackgroundSmoking is a major risk factor and associated with the high prevalence of CVD in Jordan.MethodsThe study design was cross-sectional with a convenience sample. A structured interview was conducted in 112 men who were hospitalized with CVD.ResultsThe study showed that 91% of men hospitalized with CVD smoked daily. The majority (83%) had attempted to quit smoking in the past without help from others, and intended to quit in the future using the same previously unsuccessful method. They were unaware of the hazards of smoking such as stroke; or the long term health benefits of quitting smoking. Logistic regressions showed that men were more confident in quitting smoking if they had a high income (OR: 7.7; 95% CI: 2.7, 22.3), longer hospitalizations (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.3), or were hospitalized in acute cardiac settings (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 12.7), and admitted with a diagnosis of MI or angina (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 8.3).ConclusionAssessment of smoking status with smoking cessation counseling is paramount in hospitalized men with CVD who smoke

Self-efficacy in treating tobacco use: A review article

Globally, tobacco use continues to be a major health care concern. Despite strong recommendations to quit smoking, tobacco users are experiencing difficulties in quitting. The purpose of this integrative review is to discuss self-efficacy theory as an important behavioral therapy for treating tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Moreover, the paper proposes a literature-derived model that employs self-efficacy as a central component for treating tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Eleven relevant articles were included in this review. Self-efficacy has an important role in smoking cessation. Improving self-efficacy enhances the individual’s success in quitting tobacco use and preventing relapse. Moreover, incorporating self-efficacy as a cognitive behavioral intervention has shown various degrees of success for treating tobacco use and nicotine dependence. In order to offer guidance to health care providers assisting in quitting tobacco, a model that integrates self-efficacy as a central component of the quitting process is proposed