Comparative Study of Mental Toughness between National Female Volleyball and Kabaddi Players

Background: Early research on mental toughness indicated that 82% of wrestling coaches identified mental toughness as the most important prerequisite to comparative success. In support of this research, athletes, media personal and coaches regular characterize successful performance as being mentally tough. Purpose: This study explored the comparative study of mental toughness between national female volleyball and kabaddi players of Uttar Pradesh teams. Methods: Female national volleyball (n = 12) and kabaddi (n = 12) players of Uttar Pradesh team selected as a subjects. For collection of data mental toughness questionnaire prepared by Allan Goldberg (1995) was administered. Result: Table 1 reveals that there was significant difference in mental toughness between national volleyball and kabaddi female players of Uttar Pradesh team since the calculated ‘t’ value 3.16 was found to be greater than tabulated value 2.074 at 0.05 level of significance. Thus data provides significant evidence tom ensure that the mental toughness of national female volleyball players of Uttar Pradesh team was found significantly higher than the mean of mental toughness of the national female kabaddi players of Uttar Pradesh team. Conclusion: Findings suggested that there was significant difference in mental toughness between national female volleyball and kabaddi players of Uttar Pradesh team. It could happen because volleyball players involved themselves more to prepare mentally and confidence to participate in various tactical moves in different situation and team coordination during the game. Keywords: Mental toughness, Female players, Volleyball, Kabaddi

On the Relationship Between North India Summer Monsoon Rainfall and East Equatorial Indian Ocean Warming

Generally, a strong north India summer-monsoon rainfall (NISR) is associated with anomalous upper troposphere ridge over northwest of India. This ridge triggers anomalous northerly winds over Tibetan Plateau and easterlies over India. The easterly anomaly over India reduces the tropospheric wind shear, while the northerly at Tibetan plateau allows frequent intrusions of high-latitude dry and cold meridional winds to interact with the lower-level relatively warm and moist easterly monsoonal flow, enhancing the NISR. The current study, using a suite of observations, reanalysis products and numerical model sensitivity experiments, explores the changes in NISR, and its association with the warming in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In the recent two decades (1996-2017), the NISR has been exhibiting a decreasing trend with increased variability, much larger than the earlier period (1979-2000). A possible reason for this is due to the rise in warm sea surface temperature (SST) observed in the east equatorial Indian ocean, which shows a negative correlation to NISR. The current analysis indicates that the warmer SST induce strong convection and associated northward propagating off-equatorial Rossby gyres to the west of the equatorial eastern Indian ocean, spreading the tropospheric heating towards the northeast of India, thereby elevating the geopotential height. This creates upper troposphere low pressure anomaly at the northwest of India. These factors are consistent with the suppression of the NISR, resulting in the observed decreasing trend in the recent decade

OCT Findings in Myopic Traction Maculopathy

The prevalence of myopia is constantly on a rise. Patients with high myopia and pathological myopia can lose vision due to a number of degenerative changes occurring at the macula. With recent advances in imaging techniques such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and swept-source OCT, our understanding of macular pathology in myopia has improved significantly. New conditions such as myopic traction maculopathy have been identified and defined. Treatment approaches are now being planned on the basis of the pathoanatomy of myopic traction maculopathy on OCT. In this chapter, we discuss the role of OCT imaging in myopic traction maculopathy

Lipodystrophy syndrome among HIV infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy in northern India

Background: It is estimated that about 2.5 million people are living with HIV infection in India. Although antiretroviral drugs have been able to reduce the mortality, these drugs have serious side effects one of which is lipodystrophy syndrome. Most of the drugs used in HAART viz, protease inhibitors, stavudine and nevirapine are associated with lipodystrophy. Hence we conducted this study to assess the prevalence of lipodystrophy in HIV infected children on HAART and its associated risk factors.Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 80 HIV infected children aged 2-18 years of age who were on stavudine based HAART for .2 years. These children were assessed for presence of lipodystrophy, its metabolic complications and associated risk factors.Results: Lipodystrophy was observed in 33.7% of children with lipoatrophy being the commonest subtype followed by lipohypertrophy. Older age, increased duration of treatment and dyslipidaemia were found to be associated in patients with lipodystrophy than those without. On further multivariate analysis of independent risk factors only increased duration of treatment was significantly associated with lipodystrophy. No association was found with insulin resistance.Conclusion: We observed that lipodystrophy is a common finding in HIV patients treated with HAART for long duration.Key Words: lipodystrophy syndrome, lipoatrophy, HAART, HI

IoT Enabled Smart Activity Recognition using Machine Learning Methods

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled architecture-based devices are becoming accessible worldwide irrespective of the area. But functional settings depend on Internet facilities. In this context, the Healthcare industry took a step forward to automate Human Activity Recognition related concepts using IoT and Machine learning methods. This research used a Nodemcu ESP8266 device to track and communicate human activities acquired using ADXL345 accelerometer sensors. Three volunteers participated in this research, and data were acquired using two accelerometer sensors placed on the hand, wrist, and ankle. Data shared to the cloud- thingspeak.com. Acquired data were analyzed and trained with the Random Forest algorithm and tested with the data, achieving 100% accuracy. This model can be helpful in various applications like elderly patient monitoring, I.C.U., dementia, Alzheimer's, etc

Feto-maternal outcome of second stage cesarean section in B. P. Koirala institute of health sciences: a retrospective study

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a common surgical procedure performed in obstetrics. The rate of rise of CS can be attributed to the increase in safety of the procedure, enhanced surgical techniques, improved    antibiotics, increase in number of women requesting for CS. In general, caesarean delivery is associated with more severe maternal complications compared to vaginal deliveries. The stage of labour at which CS is undertaken has been shown to influence the rate/risk of complication. Methods: It was an observational and retrospective study that depended on some clinical records related to more than 37 weeks’ gestation. The study was conducted in BP Koirala institute of health sciences, Dharan Nepal from 2021 December to 2022 December. The neonatal as well as maternal outcomes have been evaluated for CS among those who were observing the second stage in their labor period. The test statistics used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics chi-square test. Results:  The total delivery was 16131 out of which there were 6748 cesarean deliveries. Out of 6748 CS 65 patients had cesarean in second stage of labour. The most common cause of CS in second stage of labor was arrest of descent and dilatation (40%), followed by meconium-stained liquor (15.38%), occipito-posterior position (12.30%), and obstructed labour (3.07%) Being the least cause. One patient had to undergo peri-partum hysterectomy and the most common complication of second stage CS was prolong foleys catheterization (15 patients), post-partum febrile illness (20 patients out of 65), followed by wound infection, PPH, blood transfusion. The neonatal admission for NICU were birth asphyxia and respiratory distress were 50% each. Conclusions: CS in the second stage of labor is correlated with considerably improved neonatal and maternal rate of morbidity along with expanded neonatal mortality. A proper judgment and skilled obstetrician are required to perform a second-stage CS. CS in the second stage of labor is a technically demanding procedure with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity compared to the CS in the first stage of labor