Gambaran Kadar Ureum Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 Non Dialisis

: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process with diverse etiology, resulting in a progressive decreased in renal function, and generally ends up with kidney failure. In CKD patient, the level of urea increases -uremia- a clinical syndrome that occurs in all organs due to the increased level of urea. During catabolism process, protein is broken down into amino acids and deamination ammonia which is further synthesized to become urea. Increased level of urea depends on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Decreased of GFR (<15ml / min) can cause renal failure and uremia. This study aimed to determine the levels of urea in patients with stage 5 CKD non-dialysis. This was an observational descriptive study. This study was conducted from December 2015 to January 2016 at two hospitals, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital and Adventist Hospital Manado. Samples were blood samples of all patients suffering from CKD stage 5 non-dyalisis within the specified time. The results of laboratory tests showed that of 35 patients diagnosed with stage 5 CKD non-dialysis all had increased urea levels (100%). Conclusion: There was an increase in urea level of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease non-dialysis either of outpatients or inpatients

Gambaran Kadar Feritin Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 Non Dialisis

: Ferritin is a major iron storage protein in human tissues. It functions as an iron storage especially in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Anemia occurs in 80-90% chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; the most common type of anemia is normocytic anemia. WHO assumes that in Indonesia chronic kidney disease patients will increase 41.4% in 1995-2025. This study aimed to obtaind ferritin level in non dialysis end-stage renal disease patients. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Data of ferritin levels in non dialysis end-stage renal disease patients were obtained from two hospitals, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado and Advent Hospital Manado, from December 2015 to January 2016. Blood samples of 35 patients suffering from non dialysis end-stage renal disease were obtained by using non-probability consecutive sampling method. The results showed that of the 35 patients, there were 28 patients with increased ferritin levels and 7 patients with normal ferritin level. Conclusion: Increased ferritin level occurred among non dialysis end-stage renal disease patients

Gambaran Eritrosit Urin Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru Dewasa Di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. Anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as streptomycin and rifampicin are nephrotoxic. If the kidney function decreased, especially the glomerulus there can be found blood cells in the urine. A small number of erythrocytes may be found in normal urine, about 0-2 cells per HPF (High Power Field). But more than three erythrocytes per HPF is generally considered hematuria. This study aims to describe about how the urine erythrocytes in adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Research design used is descriptive observational research. Samples were urine samples of all pulmonary tuberculosis patients that suit to inclusion criteria. This study was conducted from October to November 2016. The results of chemical urinalysis of urine erythrocytes are negative in 20 patients and positive in 10 patients, while the results of microscopic urinalysis of urine erythrocytes are normal in 26 patients and hematuria in 4 patients. Conclusion: Hematuria mostly found in males, age 56-65 years old, default tuberculosis type, the first category of anti-tuberculosis drugs, the duration of therapy about 3-4 months, and in patients with comorbid disease

Gambaran Keton Urin Pada Pasien Dewasa Dengan Tuberkulosis Paru Di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Tuberculosis is chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosa. Patient with tuberculosis it could lead to reduction of appetite and vomit cause by side effects of tuberculosis medication. This condition can lead to formation of ketone bodies as a consequence of inadequate glucose level. Its excessive level in the body will be also excreted in the urine (ketonuria) and its existence in urine is abnormal. This study was aimed to find the keton urine in adult patient with pulmonary tuberculosis at Prof. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive observational study with consecutive sampling method from October-November 2016. Samples were mid-stream urine of 30 adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that 25 patients (84%) had normal urine (negative ketonuria), 3 patients (10%) with trace result, 1 patients with low ketonuria, and a patient with moderate ketonuria. Conclusion: Most of the patients had normal urine (negative ketonuria)

Gambaran Kadar Asam Urat pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 yang Belum Menjalani Hemodialisis

Asam urat merupakan produk akhir metabolism purin yang berasal dari baik dari metabolism dalam tubuh dan berasal dari luar tubuh (makanan). Hiperurisemia adalah keadaan dimana kadar asam urat darah di atas nilai normal (3,5-7 mg/dL pada pria dan 2,6-6 mg/dL pada wanita). Hiperuresemia yang disebabkan oleh penyakit ginjal dianggap sebagai factor risiko progresivitas penyakit ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar asam urat pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel darah dari semua pasien rawat jalan maupun rawat inap yang menderita penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis dalam kurun waktu Desember 2015-Januari 2016 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou dan RS Advent Manado. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dari 35 pasien yang terdiagnosis penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis memperlihatkan peningkatan kadar asam urat >7 mg/dL pada 80% sampel. Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan kadar asam urat pada sebagian besar pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis