Research of component composition and catalitic reactivity of metallurgical industry slag

The article deals with the research of component composition and catalitic reactivity of metallurgical waste products. The slags component composition was investigated by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The slag stuff has been modified with alkali (NaOH) and mineral acids (HNO3, H2SO4, HCI and H3PO4), and their catalytic reactivity in the catalytic decomposition of ethyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide has been determined for the first time. The revealed catalytic reactivity of the slag staff for the decomposition of ethyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide indicates the need for a more detailed research and development of an industrial non-ferrous waste treatment technology

Genetic diversity of the Russian sunflower breeding lines revealed by microsatellite loci analysis

The breeding of high-yielding sunflower varieties and hybrids requires the use of parent material with considerable genetic diversity. It can be identified using molecular genetic markers. The purpose of this study was the genotyping of sunflower lines bred by V. S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), developed in different ecological areas of cultivation, and to evaluate their genetic diversity using microsatellite loci. For the studies conducted in 2020-2022, there were used 23 lines from the Central experimental base (СEB), 17 lines from L.A. Zhdanov Don experimental station (DES), and 10 lines from the Armavir experimental station (AES). DNA was isolated from seedlings by the CTAB method. Samples were genotyped using 12 SSR markers. PCR products were separated in 8 % denaturing polyacrylamide gel or by capillary electrophoresis in a genetic analyzer. The main indicators of genetic diversity for all collections did not differ significantly from each other, and were moderate and increased in the collections of VNIIMK: AES – DES – CEB -the joint collection. In total there have been identified 37 alleles, an average 3.083 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.094 to 3.290 with an average value of 2.154. The values of the polymorphic information content (PIC) index ranged from 0.084 to 0.651, with an average of 0.434. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from zero to 0.071, 0.030, on average, and from 0.086 to 0.696, 0.500, on average, respectively. The number of shared alleles between different collections was 23. Molecular variation analysis revealed that most of the total variance (91 %) was due to differences between lines within each collection and 3 % to differences between collections. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the maternal lines from the collections of the CEB, DES, and AES of VNIIMK were mostly grouped into a cluster or subcluster separate from the paternal ones. The obtained results indicate a moderate genetic diversity of the studied sunflower lines of the breeding of VNIIMK and the existence of small differences between the collections

Development of an advanced water filtering system based on graphene irradiated by gas cluster and highly charged ions

Effects of a heavy low energy ion bombardment of various materials are explored for the purposes of creating new materials that have advanced properties. In this study, features of the defects’ formation in the samples of graphene, graphene oxide and silicon by Ar cluster ions irradiation are given..

Research of kinetics of zinc leaching with sulfuric acid from smithsonite

The study investigates the kinetics of zinc leaching from smithsonite with sulfuric acid in order to expand the zinc production feedstocks. The recovery rate of zinc from smithsonite into water-soluble zinc sulfate was found at different leaching time and temperature. Sulfuric acid concentration, its consumption and smithsonite particles size selected in this work for leaching of zinc from this mineral using the indicated solution allowed to determine the magnitude of “apparent” activation energy of the smithsonite reaction with the indicated acid, equal to 2,633 kJ / mol. The calculated value of E, shows that the process investigated is accompanied by diffusion phenomena

Development of an advanced water filtering system based on graphene irradiated by gas cluster and highly charged ions

Effects of a heavy low energy ion bombardment of various materials are explored for the purposes of creating new materials that have advanced properties. In this study, features of the defects’ formation in the samples of graphene, graphene oxide and silicon by Ar cluster ions irradiation are given..

Luminescence of sapphire single crystals irradiated with high-power ion beams

Optical absorption, photo- and cathodoluminescence of a sapphire single crystal (α-Al 2 O 3 ) exposed to pulsed nanosecond radiation with high-power ion beams C + /H + with an energy of 300 keV and energy density 0.5-1.5 J/cm 2 were first investigated in this work. It was found that under ion irradiation accompanied by heating of sapphire up to melting, the formation of F-type centers and their aggregates associated with oxygen vacancies was observed in the crystals under study. These centers have luminescence bands at 330, 410 and 500 nm which depend on the type and wavelength of the optical excitation. The appearance of a new PL emission at 435 nm, presumably associated with a complex vacancy-impurity defect, was also observed in the photoluminescence spectra. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The work was supported by the initiative scientific project № 16.5186.2017/8.9 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Experiments on ion irradiation of sapphire was done at the KIPT as a part of the state task