Clinical and stereologic evaluation of osteochondroma

Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that is unusual in the maxillofacial region. Anatomy of the region, especially the mandible, is important for surgical intervention for the condylar osteochondroma. The present case report describes evaluation of condylar hyperplasia with emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of sterolithographic solid model and stereologic techniques for preoperative surgical planning, operation time, and prognosis. Condylar osteochondoma was diagnosed by panoramic radiograph and 3-dimensional computerized tomography (3DCT) as well as histopathologic analysis in a male patient. Before surgery, a stereolithographic model was created and stereologic method was used based upon 3DCT. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: e52-e56

Flap and incision design in implant surgery: clinical and anatomical study.

Objectives The protection of microcircular support which is essential for healing gains importance if implant surgery is considered to affect the blood flow. The aim of the study is to establish the artery territories supplying the blood into the oral mucosa in the cadavers and to demonstrate the mucosal delivery pattern and to evaluate the effects of different incision types on the healing in the patients having the implant application

Anatomic Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Septa: Surgery and Radiology

The anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus is fundamental to maxillofacial surgery. The presence of septa, located at the inner surface of the maxillary sinus, increases the risk of sinus membrane perforation during sinus elevation for dental implant surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy of maxillary sinus septa. Data in this study was obtained from a total of 205 cases. One hundred and seventy-seven patients were partially edentulous (PE) whereas 28 patients had no teeth. Dental computerized tomography (dental CT) was used in the assessment of 410 sinus segments (205 left and 205 right segments). The prevalence of sinus segments with septa was found to be 145/410. Septa were detected in 91 of the 177 PE cases. There were a total of 26 septa in 18 of the 28 completely edentulous (CE) cases. A total of 165 septa were detected in these segments. The prevalence of septa was 46.4% (26/56) in the CE, and 39.2% (139/354) in the PE segments. Thirty septa were found in the anterior, 110 in the middle and 25 in the posterior region. All detected septa were located mediolateral direction. Their relative position: lateral, middle or medial were also noted. The height measurements of the septa varied amongst the different positions. In view of the fact that septa of various heights and courses can develop in all parts of the maxillary sinus, timely and adequate assessment of the inner aspect of the maxillary sinus is essential to avoid complications during sinus augmentation procedures. Clin. Anat. 22:563-570, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Ocular and periocular injuries associated with an isolated orbital fracture depending on a blunt cranial trauma: anatomical and surgical aspects.

The anatomical location of fractures following blunt cranio-orbital trauma is important for neurosurgeons and maxillofacial surgeons. In this study, 588 cranio-orbital fractures following blunt trauma were evaluated retrospectively with regard to the anatomical site and surgical treatment. Orbital cranial nerve injuries and the outcomes of the medical and/or surgical treatment are described. Distribution of the zygomatic complex and orbital fractures were as follows: zygomatic complex fractures (n : 304), isolated orbital fractures (n : 58), complex comminuted fractures (n : 226). In 58 cases, 69 orbit fractures were found (11 bilateral and 47 unilateral fractures). The lateral wall was the most frequent fracture (n : 63). The least frequent fracture was the roof of the orbit (n : 11). The accompanying lesions were as follows: 89.65% of cases were associated with periorbital haematoma (n : 52), 13.79% of cases with retrobulbar haemorrhage (n : 8), 96.55% cases with periorbital soft tissue oedema (n : 56), 53.45% cases with pneumocephalus (n : 31), 8.62% cases with intra-parenchymal contusion (n : 5), 6.89% cases with enophthalmia (n : 4), 5.17% of cases with rhinorrhoea (n : 3), 5.17% cases with optic bulb injury and adnexial trauma (n : 3), 32.76% cases with intra-orbital emphysema (n : 19), and 20.69% with vision dysfunctions (n : 12), of whom 2 had no optic nerve injury. (C) 2011 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery

The Contribution of the Micro Dissection of the Occipital Artery to Surgery

Objective: The occipital artery has an important role in the vasculature of the scalp. The aim of this study was to determine the origin, location, length, size, and adjacent regions of the occipital artery. Material and Methods: In the present study, occipital artery types were evaluated according to the location, origin, diameter, length, and course; and in relation to the artery with hypoglossal, greater occipital and accessory nerves by bilateral meticulous anatomic microdissection under 4X loop magnification in formalin fixed 14 adult (28 cases) cadavers. Results: The examinations revealed that the occipital artery originated separately from the external carotid artery in 89% of cases. It originated from the posterior auricular artery as an occipitoauricular common trunk in 11% of cases. The hypoglossal nerve formed an apparent hook proximal to the origin of the artery in 52%, distal to the origin of the artery in 4% and at the origin of the artery in 44%. Conclusion: In this study, the anatomical data of the occipital artery will help the surgeons to elevate flaps based on the occipital artery in a safer way as well as to protect the artery during cranial and maxillofacial surgical approaches