Fabrication of Custom Ocular Prosthesis Using a Graph Grid: A Case Report

Patients  requiring  treatment  with  custom  ocular  prosthesis  are  those  who  have  lost  ocular  structures through orbital evisceration or orbital enucleation which was necessary as a surgical intervention for a congenital  defect,  pathology  or  an  accident.  The  disfigurement  associated  with  eye  loss  can  cause significant  physical  and  emotional  disturbance.  As  iris  placement  is  a  technique  sensitive  procedure, visual assessment alone may not be accurate.The  present article  is an illustration of a case report  of  a lady chosen for a custom ocular prosthesis. The method described here uses a transparent grid template from which the iris is traced. An attempt is also made to mimick the shade and colour of the sclera in the wax  pattern  itself;  using  white  paraffin  wax.  This  gives  an  accurate  registration  of  the  position  and  alignment of iris disc assembly, giving a natural look.  Key  words: Custom  ocular  prosthesis,  graph  grid. &nbsp

Color matching in facial prosthetics: A systematic review

Color matching to the surrounding skin is extremely important in patients wearing maxillofacial prostheses. It is of utmost importance to know the different techniques of color matching and coloring in maxillofacial prostheses. The purpose of this study is to review the literature data with regard to color matching in maxillofacial prosthetics. An electronic search of peer review restricted to English language dental literature was conducted to identify the relevant scientific article on color matching and coloring in maxillofacial prostheses. The publication year was up to December 2015 so that the search could include all the articles provided in that particular database. Two independent observers independently read the abstracts and later preselected full-text articles. A full-text review was carried out only for 15 articles. Out of the 15 articles, 7 were related to coloring using tinting, spraying, milling, and use of commercial cosmetics. Three studies were related to shade matching in maxillofacial prostheses. Two studies conducted the measurement of color in maxillofacial prostheses. Only one study had explained color and its relevance in maxillofacial prosthetics. Only one study was done for reproducing silicone shade guide matching Indian skin color. In addition, a single pilot study was done to measure facial skin and lip color in a human population sample stratified by race, gender, and age. Currently, there is no evidence discussing the best technique available for perfectly matching the color for the fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses. However, the latest instruments such as spectrophotometer and colorimeters are believed to have improved efficiency in matching the color

Implant-assisted removable partial denture: An approach to switch Kennedy Class I to Kennedy Class III

The Kennedy Class I and II distal extension situation poses a challenge to the prosthodontist as it inherently possesses a lack of stability, which may be attributed to the difference in compressibility of the mucosa and the periodontal ligament surrounding the distal-most abutment tooth. This results in a rotational tendency of the prosthesis around the line connecting its terminal abutments. Placement of osseointegrated dental implants in the posterior edentulous regions, distal to the terminal abutment provides improved vertical support to the distal extension removable partial denture, effectively converting its intraoral performance from a Kennedy Class I to a Class III situation, thereby resulting in improved stability of the prosthesis and consequently, enhanced patient satisfaction. This case report describes such an approach to the restoration of a Kennedy Class I partially edentulous situation

Quantitative analysis of leaching of different metals in human saliva from dental casting alloys: An in vivo study

Background: The issue of biomaterial-derived ionic release in various sites of the human body has attracted the interest of many investigators because of the possibility that debris or degradation products elicit a foreign body reaction or have a role in the induction of pathological processes. Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the saliva of denture wearers after insertion of the prosthesis for leaching of metals from metallic denture. Materials and Methods: Total 20 subjects of age group of 40-60 years including both males (10) and females (10) were selected for the study. Total subjects were divided into 2 groups each containing 10 subjects, Group I (control group): Subjects having dentition intact up to second molar and free of any dental restoration; Group II (study group): Partially edentulous subjects rehabilitated with cast-metal removable partial denture. Saliva samples were taken at three stages that is, 1 h, 24 h and 72 h after the denture insertion from subjects of study group as well as from the control group. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to estimate the concentration of elemental ions. Obtained data′s were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 15.0 statistical analysis software. The values were represented in a number (%) and mean ± standard deviation. Results: At 1 h, 24 h and 72 h after the denture insertion in study group, chromium (Cr) had statistically significant higher mean concentration as compared to manganese (Mn) (P < 0.001). Cr had maximum concentration (0.1479 + 0.0052) immediately after denture insertion while maximum concentration of Mn (0.1479 + 0.0052) was found 24 h after denture insertion. Conclusion: Metal-based dentures show maximum leaching immediately after wearing of the prosthesis which decreased significantly over the period of 3 days. Cr and Mn were the metal ions mainly found in saliva of cast partial denture wearer. No concentration of cobalt, molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) was found in saliva of metal base denture wearer. There was a significant change in concentration of elutes in saliva in first 72 h/3 days making time an effective variable was observed

Cerrobend shielding stents for buccal carcinoma patients

Buccal carcinoma is one of the most common oral malignant neoplasms, especially in the South Asian region. Radiotherapy, which plays a significant role in the treatment of this carcinoma, has severe adverse effects. Different types of prosthesis may be constructed to protect healthy tissues from the adverse effects of treatment and concentrate radiation in the region of the tumor mass. However, the technique for fabrication of shielding stent with Lipowitz's alloy (cerrobend/Wood's alloy) has not been well documented. This article describes detailed technique for fabrication of such a stent for unilateral buccal carcinoma patients to spare the unaffected oral cavity from potential harmful effects associated with radiotherapy

A comprehensive review on synthesis and applications of single crystal perovskite halides

Halide based perovskite materials have fascinated strong attention for being a hopeful candidate for optoelectronic device applications. Single-crystalline halide perovskites exhibit no grain boundaries and possess low trap densities; and are therefore likely to show superior optoelectronic performances in comparison to their polycrystalline film counterparts. In spite of this, their basic perceptive of physico-chemical properties are however controversial to the scientific society. In this review article, we present the deep insight into all the reported protocols available for the synthesis of purely inorganic as well as hybrid halide perovskites (incorporating organic as well as inorganic cation) to achieve high-quality single crystals. On account of advanced characteristics like long carrier recombination lifetime and exciton diffusion length, wide-ranging visible to NIR absorption, high charge mobility, controllable optoelectronic properties etc., hybrid halide perovskites have emerged to be a tough challenger in the optoelectronic research area in comparison to the purely inorganic halide perovskites and have consequently been paid much attention. Therefore, the optoelectronic properties and convenient applications of particularly hybrid halide single-crystal perovskites in various optoelectronic devices like solar cell, laser, high energy ray detector, photodetector, light-emitting diode, etc are highlighted

Dual-functional cathode buffer layer for power conversion efficiency enhancement of bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Here, we report a luminescent cathode buffer layer (CBL) for power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement of organic solar cells (OSCs). ZnO doped with Aluminum (Al) and Europium (Eu) was cast as CBL by a solution-processed method. CBL serves a dual purpose by acting both as a spectral conversion and an electron transporting layer. The luminescent ZnO:Al,Eu CBL layer has broad absorption spanning the ultraviolet (300-400 nm) spectrum, contributing to absorption enhancement. Moreover, the emission of CBL layer overlaps with the absorption of poly [N -9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole- alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) polymer thus elevating the overall absorption of the active layer and improving the photocurrent With this ZnO:Al,Eu CBL in the inverted device configuration (ITO/CBL/active layer/MoOx/Al), an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.9% was obtained while the device with pristine ZnO as CBL showed PCE of 5.9%. A blend of PCDTBT donor and [6,6]-phenyl C-71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) acceptor was used as an active layer in both the cases. In ZnO:Al,Eu CBL layer, Al doping improves the conductivity, while Eu doping significantly enhances the emission in the visible region by down-shifting the incoming solar UV light to the visible range which overlaps with the absorption of PCDTBT polymer resulting in energy transfer and improved overall device efficiency. The findings of the study show the significance of luminescent znO:ALEu nanoparticle CBL in enhancing the performance of organic solar cells