Simple and Effective Multi-Paragraph Reading Comprehension

We consider the problem of adapting neural paragraph-level question answering models to the case where entire documents are given as input. Our proposed solution trains models to produce well calibrated confidence scores for their results on individual paragraphs. We sample multiple paragraphs from the documents during training, and use a shared-normalization training objective that encourages the model to produce globally correct output. We combine this method with a state-of-the-art pipeline for training models on document QA data. Experiments demonstrate strong performance on several document QA datasets. Overall, we are able to achieve a score of 71.3 F1 on the web portion of TriviaQA, a large improvement from the 56.7 F1 of the previous best system.Comment: 11 pages, updated a referenc

Clinical characteristics of treated patients with visceral leishmaniasis (N = 8749).

<p>Where n<8749, data is missing.</p><p>Patients may have been diagnosed by rK39 and/or parasite confirmation.</p><p>Includes HIV +ve patients.</p

Risk factors for late presentation with visceral leishmaniasis (N = 8741)^a.

<p>^a Length of illness data missing in 8 patients.</p

Association between demographic factors and VL relapse.

<p>^a The remaining data were missing or incorrectly coded in the database.</p><p>^b The data from years 2007 and 2008 were combined, as operations began mid-2007. Patients treated in 2012 were excluded, as there would be limited time for relapse to present.</p><p>^c Fisher's Exact test.</p

Characteristics of patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection (N = 161).

<p>ART, antiretroviral therapy; VL, visceral leishmaniasis.</p

Admissions by month between 2007 and 2012.

<p>Admissions by month between 2007 and 2012.</p

Characteristics of the study population (N = 8749).

<p>Characteristics of the study population (N = 8749).</p

Comparison of PKDL patients following treatment with SSG and Ambisome.

<p>All data are n (%) unless stated otherwise.</p><p>IQR, interquartile range; PKDL, post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; SSG, sodium stibogluconate treatment.</p

Kappa scores and agreement for the rK39 RDT, rK39 ELISA, qPCR, and <i>Leishmania</i> antigen ELISA in 96 people living with HIV (PLHIV) with asymptomatic <i>Leishmania</i> infection (ALI) in Bihar, India.

Kappa scores and agreement for the rK39 RDT, rK39 ELISA, qPCR, and Leishmania antigen ELISA in 96 people living with HIV (PLHIV) with asymptomatic Leishmania infection (ALI) in Bihar, India.</p

Characteristics of patients with confirmed post-Ambisome PKDL stratified by sex (N = 24).

<p>All data are n (%) unless stated otherwise.</p><p>IQR, interquartile range; PKDL, post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.</p