Influence of specific drills with elastic band training on selected bio motor variables on college male tennis learners

To achieve the purpose of the present study thirty subjects were selected from Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Maruthi College of Physical Education, Periyanaickenpalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Their age ranged from 21 to 23 years. They were assigned to two group namely experimental group-I with fifteen college men who were given specific drills with elastic band training exercises for 12 weeks 5 days a week and from 5 pm to 6 pm and other group-II with fifteen boys acted as control group. The experimental group was tested on explosive power and shoulder strength. The selected criterion variables explosive power was tested with standing broad jump test and shoulder strength was tested with push ups. After twelve weeks specific drills with elastic band training exercises post test data were collected and treated with ANCOVA. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05. The study results showed that the experimental group had significantly altered selected variables explosive power and shoulder strength which was due to the influence of specific drills with elastic band training exercises training programme. The control group did not improve on selected criterion variables

An Approach to Improving Efficacy of Cryosurgery: Numerical and Experimental (Using Gel Phantoms) Studies

Freezing and ablating using cryosurgery is becoming a promising surgical tool for the treatment of tumours. For improving the efficiency of the cryosurgical procedure, different approaches have been implemented till now. Most of these techniques have focussed on the freezing process, without giving adequate attention to the damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. In this study, a novel concept is proposed which achieves the desired freezing while protecting the surrounding healthy tissue through the use of low thermal conductivity liquid layer (perfluorocarbons) around the interface of the tumour. Numerical modelling has been done to determine the location of the ice fronts in the presence of this perfluorocarbon layer around the boundary of the tumour. It is noticed that this method leads to a higher ablation rate substantially reducing the surgical time. Also, an optimal offset, i.e. the minimum distance between the tip of the cryoprobe and the boundary of the tumour, is identified for a given tumour radius and active length which gives maximum tumour necrosis in minimum time. It is also observed that for a 2 mm increase in the active length of the cryoprobe, the decrease in optimal offset is approximately 1 mm. Furthermore, for the tumour with different radii (between 10 mm and 15 mm), with same active length of the cryoprobe, the time taken for complete ablation of the larger tumour is nearly 2.7 times the time taken for the smaller one for every 2.5 mm increase in the tumour radius. The results also reveal that there exists an optimal thickness of the perfluorohexane layer around the tumour interface. It is also seen that among perfluorohexane, octafluoropropane and water, perfluorohexane acts as the best substitute for the formation of an insulating layer around the tumour interface. Experiments have been performed to prepare pefluorocarbon (perfluorohexane and perfluorodecalin) emulsions in varied concentration (i.e. 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (w/v)) through probe sonication. Further, this study reports the particle size, emulsion stability, functional group analysis, thermophysical properties of both perfluorodecalin and perfluorohexane emulsions. With regard to thermal conductivity, it is observed that perfluorodecalin emulsions possess a marginally lower thermal conductivity than perfluorohexane emulsions. It is interesting to note that during cryosurgery of gel phantom in the presence of low thermal conductivity perfluorodecalin emulsion (90% (w/v)), it is observed that the freezing front is not able to penetrate the gel while in its absence, there is a temperature of 4oC at the same thermocouple location of 10 mm (in the axial direction).Cryosurgery of glycine-containing gels is carried out in presence and absence of perfluorohexane layer, and the thermal history is measured using K-type thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system. The presence of glycine causes rapid freezing during cryosurgery with an ice ball depth of 16 mm, while with a perfluorohexane layer at this gel interface, this depth is 13 mm, indicating the ability of this layer to limit freezing. In this study, alumina has also been utilised for the preparation of adjuvant containing gel phantoms. After cryosurgery, it is clearly evident that a temperature decrease is observed in the alumina consisiting gel phantoms when compared to the agarose gel phantoms. It is also noticed that with the increase in insertion depth of the cryoprobe (from 1 to 1.5 cm), there is a decrease in temperature at each thermocouple location in the gel phantoms. This study also demonstrates that in the presence of perfluorohexane layer, when the alumina consisting gel phantoms are cryosurgically cooled; even with the increase in insertion depth, the thermocouple placed axially at 10 mm which is inside the perfluorohexane solution layer indicates a temperature of 25oC. However, in its absence, the temperature is found to be 5:47oC at the same position, suggesting that the freezing is limited within the gel. Furthermore, this work also proposes a new approach that utilises glycine-alumina emulsions as an adjuvant. After cryosurgery of glycine-alumina containing gel, a substantial temperature decrease is observed at all thermocouples placed nearer to the probe, thus indicating an enhancement in freezing. In conclusion, this study proposes novel approaches to improve the cryosurgical procedure through numerical modelling and experiments in gel phantoms, thus, providing newer approaches to improve the cryosurgical outcome

Microstructure development and solute behaviour in Fe-C and Fe-C-V alloys during strip casting and secondary processing

 Strip casting is a rapid, environment friendly technology for manufacturing thin sheets of steel directly from molten metal. Research presented in this thesis examines the effect of atomic location, cluster size and composition on internal microstructure development during strip casting. Current research potentially leads to green manufacturing of steel

Role of thrombophilia screening in recurrent pregnancy loss and poor pregnancy outcome

Background: The pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss is poorly understood and some factors have been implicated as causes of RPL including genetics, metabolic and infections. But still in majority of RPL cases, cause remains unexplained (around 40-50%). Recent few studies have shown that there is significant association between thrombophilia and RPL. The genetic predisposition to venous thrombosis such as factor V Leiden, factor V HR2 haplotype, factor V HongKong/Cambridge and PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism have been reported to be associated with RPL. This study examined the specific prevalence of genetic thrombophilic markers in women with recurrent miscarriage.Methods: A retrospective case-control study designed with 50 RPL cases and 50 healthy controls. Genotyping of the four thrompohilic mutation were performed by PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR methods.Results: The frequencies of factor V HR2 haplotype mutant heterozygous form (OR=1.46; p=0.758), PAI-1-675 4G/4G (OR=1.13; p=0.806) and PAI-1 -675 5G/5G (OR=1.24; p=0.815) were moderately higher in RPL patients than controls. While, the mutant form of factor V Hong Kong and factor V Cambridge were completely absent in this study population.Conclusions: To our best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the association of Factor V HR2 haplotype, factor V Hong Kong/Cambridge and PAI-1 (-675 4G/5G) mutations with RPL in South Indian population. However, this study did not reveal any significant association between studied mutations and RPL due to small sample size

Pole harvesting - A skillful operation in oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvest

The study demonstrates the importance of skilled pole harvester (PH). Skill in pole harvesting ultimately reduces the human drudgery, time and cost involved in rope and cutlass harvest (RCH) while harvesting oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs). Comparative cumulative harvesting activities in FFB harvest apparently showed that average number of strokes for frond(s) and FFB harvest by skilled PH (8.6) were less than unskilled PH (22.0). The slashing time required to harvest FFB was less in case of skilled PH (2.1 min) compared with RCH (3.2 min.) and unskilled PH (17.8 min.) which eventually is reflected in total slashing and harvesting time for 1 MT FFBs. The difficulty experienced by unskilled PH was likely to be more than RCH and skilled PH method of harvest

Occurrence of Banana bract mosaic virus on Musa ornata Roxb based hybrids in India

Not AvailableMusa ornata, wild species of banana is being used as a cut flower, potted plants and for landscape gardening etc., They are also being utilized in banana hybridization programmes for introgressing pest and disease tolerant traits into banana cultivars in addition to the development of inter specific ornamental banana hybrids. Symptoms of banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) was observed in the bracts of interspecific M. ornata based hybrid developed using another wild species i.e., Musa rubra Kurz at ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana (NRCB), Tiruchirapalli. Presence of the virus in the bracts, leaves and roots of symptomatic plants was confirmed through triple antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with BBrMV monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. BBrMV HC-Pro (1370 bp), CP (900 bp) and VPg (570 bp) genes were amplified from the infected bracts using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with BBrMV respective gene primers. The amplicons of these three genes were cloned and sequenced. Blastn analysis revealed that HC-Pro, VPg and CP gene sequences has 97.67%, 97.72% and 99.67% similarity with the respective gene sequences of BBrMV infecting banana. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the test isolate with other BBrMV isolates of banana and other hosts based on CP and HC-Pro and VPg gene sequences. The virus is transmitted through Pentalonia nigronervosa and the transmitted plants expressed symptoms under glass house conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BBrMV on ornamental M. ornata hybrid in India and its transmission occurs through Pentalonia nigronervosa.ICAR-Consortia Research Platform (CRP) on vaccines and diagnostic

Cloud-Based Routing Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks

Wi-Fi Direct technology is enabled to support multiple services to be done via Wi-Fi connection. It provides the most efficient method to develop ad-hoc community among mobile devices for connecting quickly with one another without needing an access to the network. It allows communicating at common Wi-Fi rates for various applications including document exchange and online connection. This one-stop WiFi Direct application is able to connect a device to a single device at a time, i.e., only peer to peer communication is allowed within one hop. Hence, multi-device communication within multi-hop distance in a trusty Cognitive Radio (CR) network environment is in demand. This paper presents the development of an Android-based application with optimum cloud routing service to transfer files or chatting via Wi-Fi Direct technology in CR network. A system is developed using smartphones (with developed applications) and nodes with WI-FI connection. An indirect multi-hop routing approach is created if more devices transfer files simultaneously from hop to hop. After login and initializing, a device discovers the neighboring nodes first and then connects those (as necessary) to transfer a file or start chatting. The very moment a connection is established, a log file is generated in internal memory and save a backup copy in cloud containing necessary networking information of the client devices. The aim of these backup log files is for forensic investigation for intrusion detection/prevention and secured communications. Then the chatting or file transfer is carried out between the connected devices either in single or multi-hop routes. Results show that the system’s efficiency is around 92%. It shows that multi-device, multi-hop Wi-Fi Direct services can be implemented using Android devices with Eclipse Java programming in CR networks