Review on conductivity enhancement in n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes with the influence of Rare earth ions as donor impurities.

Nanoelectronics is an emerging field of nanotechnology where innumerable nanomaterials are used to fabricate electronic devices like LEDs, Photodiodes, Transistors, FETs, UJTs, SCRs, Laser diodes, etc.  The accomplishment of high-efficiency electronic devices at low cost tends to be the foremost challenging task in the field of nanoelectronics. The p-n heterojunction is a junction of two dissimilar p and n-type crystalline materials with different bandgap energies, work functions and electron affinities.The n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction device tends to be cost-effective and also potential candidates for integration with microelectronic based photonic and optoelectronic devices. Th electrical properties of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode can be fine-tuned by the addition of dopants at different concentrations.This article presents a brief overview on the influence of different  rare earth dopants on chargecarrier enhancement and transport mechanism in n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode. This review paper also presents an outline on heterojunction formation theories and applications of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diod

Diurnal and seasonal influence on the indoor radon levels in dwellings of Sharjah Emirate as well its estimation of annual effective dose

Radon, a proven highly carcinogenic gas, has raised serious concerns, necessitating its measurement in residential areas. In the coastal city of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), the first indoor radon concentration measurements were conducted. Following the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protocol, active radon detectors were employed in the living rooms of houses across the south-east region of the city. Measurements revealed that, the mean values during winter are of (39.6 ± 12.2) Bq/m3 (floor 1) and (35.7 ± 9.8) Bq/m3 (floor 2), while in summer, levels were slightly higher on floor 1 (55.8 ± 10.1) Bq/m3 compared to floor 2 (47.8 ± 12.6) Bq/m3. Ground floor analysis showed mean values of (57.0 ± 12) Bq/m3 in summer and (49.0 ± 16) Bq/m3 in winter. Higher summer levels were linked to climatic conditions and increased time spent indoors. The excess lifetime cancer risk for ground floor radon was estimated as 0.341% over 25 years. Annual dose equivalent was calculated using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) models. The calculated results were found to range from 1.7 to 3.0 millisieverts (mSv), which is within permissible limits