3 research outputs found
Differences in nicotine intake and effects from electronic and combustible cigarettes among dual users.
AimTo describe systemic nicotine exposure and subjective effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in people who use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual users), including within-subject comparisons of e-cigarette and cigarette use.DesignTwo-arm, counterbalanced cross-over study. Participants used their usual brand of e-cigarette or cigarette during a standardized session in a 2-week study.SettingHospital research ward, San Francisco, CA, USA.ParticipantsThirty-six healthy (eight women, 28 men) participants.MeasurementsPlasma nicotine was analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; nicotine withdrawal, urge to smoke and vape, affective states, craving, satisfaction and psychological reward were measured by standardized questionnaires.FindingsCompared with cigarettes, average maximum plasma nicotine concentration (Cmax ) was lower with e-cigarettes [6.1聽卤聽5.5聽ng/ml, mean 卤聽standard deviation (SD) versus 20.2聽卤聽11.1聽ng/ml, P聽<聽0.001] and time of maximal concentration (Tmax ) was longer (6.5聽卤聽5.4聽versus 2.7聽卤聽2.4聽minutes, P聽<聽0.001). Use of both products resulted in a reduction in the severity of withdrawal symptoms, negative affect and urge to use either product. E-cigarettes were less rewarding and satisfying and reduced craving to a lesser degree than cigarettes. We were not able to detect any differences in withdrawal symptoms, affective states and urge to smoke cigarettes between e-cigarette and cigarette use.ConclusionSystemic nicotine exposure was, on average, lower with single use of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes, and e-cigarettes were judged to be less satisfying and rewarding and reduced craving less than cigarettes