The Underlying Formula of our System Dynamics Model from Model-based risk assessment and public health analysis to prevent Lyme disease

Supplementary Material

Approximate locations of populations.

<p>Populations are denoted by their sample codes (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030213#pone.0030213.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>) and assigned to one of five ecological zones as indicated by colors as followed: WNG coast (purple), PNG coasts (green), PNG Papuan Plateau (blue), PNG eastern highlands (red), and Island Melanesia (orange). Samples collected from the same locations in different years (e.g. SWC60, SWC62, and SWC69) did not represent repeated samplings from the same populations.</p

Median-joining network of <i>pfcrt</i> haplotypes (A) and alignment of translated sequences (B) from 1959–61.

<p>In the network diagram, each unique <i>pfcrt</i> haplotype is represented by a node, and the size of each node is proportional to the frequency of the haplotype. Substitutions are represented by branches, with the branch length proportional to the number of substitutions. Non-synonymous substitutions are represented by branches in bold. <i>Pfcrt</i> haplotypes that appeared in more than one time period are noted by their haplotype numbers. In the amino acid sequence alignment, the shaded region represents transmembrane domain 1. Synonymous substitutions are represented by dashes (-) and synonymous substitutions by asterisks (*). Populations are denoted by their sample codes (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030213#pone.0030213.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>).</p

Median-joining network of <i>pfcrt</i> haplotypes (A) and alignment of translated sequences (B) from 1979.

<p>Median-joining network of <i>pfcrt</i> haplotypes (A) and alignment of translated sequences (B) from 1979.</p

Gene flow among <i>P. falciparum</i> populations from different ecological zones.

<p>Gene flow among parasite populations from (A) 1959–61, (B) 1962–5, (C) 1969–72, and (D) 1979, is represented by solid lines. Gene flow is inferred from pairwise F_ST distances determined to be non-statistically significant (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p

Temporal variation in <i>P. falciparum</i> infection rates (bar) and <i>pfcrt</i> haplotype diversities (line).

<p>Ecological zones are indicated by colors as followed: PNG eastern highlands (red), WNG coast (purple), and PNG coasts (green).</p

Median-joining network of <i>pfcrt</i> haplotypes (A) and alignment of translated sequences (B) from 1969–72.

<p>Hypothetical nodes are indicated by arrows.</p

Median-joining network of <i>pfcrt</i> haplotypes (A) and alignment of translated sequences (B) from 1962–5.

<p>Median-joining network of <i>pfcrt</i> haplotypes (A) and alignment of translated sequences (B) from 1962–5.</p