Shifting Water from Agriculture to Municipal and Industrial Use [outline]

5 pages. Contains references

Shifting Water from Agriculture to Municipal and Industrial Use [outline]

5 pages. Contains references

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

A study in relationships between practical application of theories and concepts to electrical/electronic drafting programs and the resulting level of retention and efficiency

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between teaching the application of theories and concepts along with the standard drafting problems and the resulting retention and efficiency. Two groups of subjects were involved, one receiving traditional instruction (the control group) and the other receiving additional instruction in theory and concepts (the experimental group) and the application of the two. The data culminating from the study showed a significant increase in learning by the experimental group compared with the control group. The study was initiated to develop methods of instruction that would improve the job entry level capabilities of students enrolled in vocational-technical courses in post secondary institutions. An electrical-electronics drafting course was selected as the study area due to its relative infancy when compared with the other drafting programs to show that even though it is a relatively new subject area, the methodology used in teaching the course rapidly becomes obsolete due to the continuing advancement of technology.Education, College o

ATE Epilogue Case Study: CAPT

This 4-page case study on the Center for the Advancement of Process Technology (CAPT), published by SageFox Consulting Group, is part of a series that examines ATE centers after funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) ceases. The study examines the center from its pre-funding context in 1987 to the post-funding present. The study provides a summary and outlines the purpose and background of the center. Furthermore, three chronological sections contextualize the center prior to funding, a highlight on the center itself is provided, four sections which explore the center's development into the present are presented, and a list of lessons learned sit at the end of the study.Seven other case studies, four resource sheets, and a comprehensive report are available to view separately

Novel Antimicrobial Topical Gel That Exhibits Inhibitory Effectiveness Toward Common Microbes in Wound Infection (P19-007-19)

Objectives This research project focused on the inhibitory effectiveness of a novel antimicrobial gel (AMG) towards a panel of common microbes involved in wound infections. Methods A novel antimicrobial topical gel consisting of vitamin E TPGS (tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate), ascorbyl palmitate, zinc aspartate, lavender oil and deionized distilled water was developed in our laboratory. Various in vitro techniques were used to determine the effectiveness of AMG on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. Results In vitro experiments show that while AMG had varying inhibitory effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, there was a predilection for AMG to inhibit planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus species, most notably Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The inhibitory effect of the AMK on planktonic growth was immediate with a four-fold reduction in growth, compared to controls, within 4 to 6 hrs of induction. Within 24 hrs S. aureus growth was minimal and complete inhibition of growth was achieved within 48 hrs. In an in vitro biofilm model, the AMG inhibited Staphylococcus biofilm attachment by 67% (density), 82% (mass) and 95% (viability). On pre-formed established biofilms, the AMG was able to inhibit 47% (density), 47% (mass) and 44% (viability) Staphylococcus biofilms. Antibiotic comparison experiments demonstrated that the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of Mupirocin was Conclusions AMG is nontoxic to humans and canines and demonstrates potential for use in wound infections as an alternative to commonly prescribed antibiotics without the unintended drug resistance seen with antibiotics. AMG is an effective treatment option, this far in vitro, for Staphylococcus infections that are particularly prone to biofilm growth

Novel Antimicrobial Topical Gel That Exhibits Inhibitory Effectiveness Toward Common Microbes in Wound Infection

Objectives This research project focused on the inhibitory effectiveness of a novel antimicrobial gel (AMG) towards a panel of common microbes involved in wound infections. Methods A novel antimicrobial topical gel consisting of vitamin E TPGS (tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate), ascorbyl palmitate, zinc aspartate, lavender oil and deionized distilled water was developed in our laboratory. Various in vitro techniques were used to determine the effectiveness of AMG on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. Results In vitro experiments show that while AMG had varying inhibitory effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, there was a predilection for AMG to inhibit planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus species, most notably Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The inhibitory effect of the AMK on planktonic growth was immediate with a four-fold reduction in growth, compared to controls, within 4 to 6 hrs of induction. Within 24 hrs S. aureus growth was minimal and complete inhibition of growth was achieved within 48 hrs. In an in vitro biofilm model, the AMG inhibited Staphylococcus biofilm attachment by 67% (density), 82% (mass) and 95% (viability). On pre-formed established biofilms, the AMG was able to inhibit 47% (density), 47% (mass) and 44% (viability) Staphylococcus biofilms. Antibiotic comparison experiments demonstrated that the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of Mupirocin was Conclusions AMG is nontoxic to humans and canines and demonstrates potential for use in wound infections as an alternative to commonly prescribed antibiotics without the unintended drug resistance seen with antibiotics. AMG is an effective treatment option, this far in vitro, for Staphylococcus infections that are particularly prone to biofilm growth

Perfusion Techniques for Heparin-Bonded Circuits

Recent advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques include the development of durable, covalently bonded heparin coated surfaces using end-point attachment techniques. Advantages of heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass include reduced systemic heparin, avoidance of protamine sulfate at the completion of the procedure, enhanced biocompatibility of the circuit, successful application of cardiopulmonary bypass in cases where bleeding may become a problem, and in application of assist devices. Our experience with this technology has led to the development of guidelines and management strategies. We generally consider application fortwo categories: 1) pharmacotoxicity, i.e., allergic reaction to heparin or protamine; and 2) progression of problems, such as prolonged bleeding tendencies (aspirin) or hemorrhage from cerebral vascular accident. Applications of this technology require tip to tip heparin-bonding, "streamlining" the circuit, meticulous attention to fluid mechanics, crystalloid cardioplegia, precise heparin management, and reversed Trendelenburg position for post-cardiopulmonary bypass volume