Rapid Reduction in Use of Antidiabetic Medication after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: The Newfoundland and Labrador Bariatric Surgery Cohort (BaSCo) Study

ABSTRACTBackground: Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery generally need fewer medications as they experience improvement in, or even resolution of, various medical conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Published data on changes in medication use after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, a type of bariatric surgery that is growing in popularity, are limited.Objective: To determine whether patients took fewer medications for management of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, relative to preprocedure medications.Methods: In this prospective, single-centre cohort study, a nurse practitioner used standard medication reconciliation and study dataextraction forms to interview adult patients who had undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and determine their medication use and pertinent demographic data. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations and standard statistical software. Outcome measures included changes in the use of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antilipemic medications at 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery.Results: A total of 65 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between May 2011 and January 2014 met the study inclusion criteria. Before surgery, the 30 patients with type 2 diabetes were taking an average of 1.9 antidiabetic medications. One month after the procedure, 15 (50%) had discontinued all antidiabetic medications, with a further decline at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.001 at each time point). Among the patients who were taking antihypertensives (n = 48) and antilipemics (n = 33) before surgery, the decline in use occurred at a more modest rate, with 6 (12%) and 2 (6%), respectively, discontinuing these medication classes within 1 month, and 12 (25%) (p = 0.001) and 8 (24%) (p = 0.015) having discontinued by 6 months.Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia who undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are less likely to require disease-specific medications shortly after surgery.RÉSUMÉContexte : Les patients ayant subi une chirurgie bariatrique ont généralement besoin de moins en moins de médicaments au fur et à mesure qu’ils voient leurs différentes affections, notamment le diabète sucré de type 2, l’hypertension et la dyslipidémie, s’estomper ou même se résorber. Or, il existe peu d’études publiées sur les changements apportés à la pharmacothérapie des patients ayant subi une gastrectomie longitudinale laparoscopique, une chirurgie bariatrique de plus en plus utilisée.Objectif : Déterminer si les patients prennent moins de médicaments pour le traitement du diabète de type 2, de l’hypertension et de la dyslipidémie après avoir subi une gastrectomie longitudinale laparoscopique comparativement à leur situation avant l’opération.Méthodes : Dans cette étude de cohorte prospective menée dans un seul centre, un membre du personnel infirmier praticien a utilisé des formulaires standards de bilan comparatif des médicaments et d’extraction de données d’étude afin d’interroger des patients adultes ayant subi une gastrectomie longitudinale laparoscopique, et ce, dans le but de connaître leur consommation de médicaments ainsi que de recueillir des données démographiques pertinentes. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide d’équations d’estimation généralisées et d’un logiciel statistique courant. Les critères de jugement incluaient l’adaptation du traitement antidiabétique, antihypertenseur et hypolipémiant, un mois, trois mois et six mois après la chirurgie.Résultats : Au total, 65 patients ayant subi l’intervention chirurgicale entre mai 2011 et janvier 2014 ont été admis dans l’étude. Avant l’opération, les 30 patients atteints du diabète de type 2 prenaient en moyenne 1,9 antidiabétique. Un mois après la chirurgie, 15 (50 %) d’entre eux ont cessé de prendre des antidiabétiques, un chiffre qui a augmenté après le troisième et le sixième mois (p < 0,001 à chaque point dans le temps). Parmi les patients qui prenaient des antihypertenseurs (n = 48) et des hypolipémiants (n = 33) avant l’intervention chirurgicale, un moins grand nombre a cessé de prendre ces médicaments. Seulement 6 (12 %) patients ont cessé les antihypertenseurs et 2 (6 %) patients ont cessé les hypolipémiants après un mois, puis 12 (25 %) (p = 0,001) et 8 (24 %) (p = 0,015) respectivement après six mois.Conclusions : Ces résultats laissent croire que les patients atteints du diabète sucré de type 2, d’hypertension ou de dyslipidémie qui subissent une gastrectomie longitudinale laparoscopique courent la chance de ne plus avoir besoin de médicaments pour traiter ces maladies, et ce, peu de temps après la chirurgie

The Newfoundland and Labrador Bariatric Surgery Cohort Study: Rational and Study Protocol

Abstract Background In Canada, there has been a disproportionate increase in adults with Class II (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2) or Class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) affecting 9 % of Canadians with increases projected. Individuals affected by severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35) are at increased risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, impaired quality of life, and premature mortality. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), a relatively new type of bariatric surgery, is growing in popularity as a treatment. The global prevalence of LSG increased from 0 to 37.0 % between 2003 and 2013. In Canada and the US, between 2011 and 2013, the number of LSG surgeries increased by 244 % and LSG now comprises 43 % of all bariatric surgeries. Since 2011, Eastern Health, the largest regional health authority in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada has performed approximately 100 LSG surgeries annually. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study with pre and post surgical assessments at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months and annually thereafter of patients undergoing LSG. This study will report on short - to mid-term (2–4 years) outcomes. Patients (n = 200) followed by the Provincial Bariatric Surgery Program between 19 and 70 years of age, with a BMI between 35.0 and 39.9 kg/m2 and an obesity-related comorbidity or with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 are enrolled. The study is assessing the following outcomes: 1) complications of surgery including impact on nutritional status 2) weight loss/regain 3) improvement/resolution of comorbid conditions and a reduction in prescribed medications 4) patient reported outcomes using validated quality of life tools, and 5) impact of surgery on health services use and costs. We hypothesize a low complication rate, a marked reduction in weight, improvement/resolution of comorbid conditions, a reduction in related medications, improvement in quality of life, and a decrease in direct healthcare use and costs and indirect costs compared to pre-surgery. Discussion Limited data on the impact of LSG as a stand-alone procedure on a number of outcomes exist. The findings from this study will help to inform evidence-based practice, clinical decision-making, and the development of health policy