Vitamin D i ozljede kod plesača: sustavni pregled

Vitamin D is involved in many different functions in the human body. Despite the well-known benefits of vitamin D and increasing trends of testing and supplementation, there is still a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, present in the general but also in the highly-active population such as athletes and dancers. Dancers are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency due to their long working hours spent indoors, without exposure to sunlight. The high level of workload and physical demands also put dancers at a high risk of injuries. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the existing evidence on the association of vitamin D (serum level and supplementation) and injuries in dancers. Medline, Scopus, SportDiscus and Web of Science were searched to identify the available peer-reviewed articles. Five articles met the inclusion criteria (two interventional and three observational studies), three of which additionally investigated the relationship between vitamin D and muscle function. The reported results on positive influence of vitamin D serum level or vitamin D supplementation effect on reduced injury occurrence and enhanced muscular function in adolescent and elite professional ballet dancers are promising but the evidence is limited due to a low number of studies, small samples, and methodological limitations.Vitamin D je uključen u mnogo različitih funkcija u ljudskome tijelu. Usprkos dobro poznatim pozitivnim učincima vitamina D i rastućem trendu testiranja i suplementacije u svijetu se i dalje bilježi visoka učestalost nedostatka vitamina D prisutna u općoj, ali i u vrlo aktivnoj populaciji poput sportaša i plesača. Plesači su u visokom riziku od nedostatka vitamina D zbog dugotrajnih radnih sati koje provode u zatvorenom prostoru, bez izlaganja Sunčevoj svjetlosti. Visoka razina radnog opterećenja i fizički zahtjevi plesače dovode i u visok rizik od ozljeđivanja. Cilj ovoga preglednog rada bio je sustavno analizirati postojeće dokaze o povezanosti vitamina D (serumske razine i suplementacije) i ozljeda u plesača. Baze podataka Medline, Scopus, SportDiscus i Web of Science su pretražene radi identificiranja dostupnih recenziranih publikacija. Pet članaka je zadovoljilo uključne kriterije (dva intervencijska i tri opservacijska istraživanja), a u tri od njih dodatno je istražen i odnos između vitamina D i mišićne funkcije. Prikazani rezultati o pozitivnom utjecaju serumske razine vitamina D ili učinku suplementacije vitaminom D na smanjenu pojavnost ozljeda i poboljšanu mišićnu funkciju u adolescentnih i vrhunskih profesionalnih plesača baleta su obećavajući, no dokazi su ograničeni zbog malog broja istraživanja, malih uzoraka ispitanika i metodoloških ograničenja

Upotreba i prednosti proširene stvarnosti u međupredmetnom pristupu

No matter what subject is taught, making meaningful connections with the real world is always the ultimate goal. This paper provides an overview of the cross-curricular approach and available augmented reality history apps and the potential for utilising them in history classes. Also, it shows how a variety of theoretical approaches to learning and teaching with immersive technologies have been synthesised to create powerful learning scenarios that integrate History, foreign language learning, social studies, and science - math. This didactic approach with interdisciplinary connecting gives an overview on how to achieve higher quality educational goals and provide students with a different experience. Students’ experiences and reactions to this cross-curricular approach to learning were investigated. The aim is to assess the benefits of the cross-curricular approach using augmented reality while also recording the learning and behavioural outcomes that result from its implementation.Bez obzira na temu koja se poučava, stvaranje smislenih veza sa stvarnim svijetom uvijek je krajnji cilj. Ovaj rad daje pregled međupredmetnog pristupa i dostupnih aplikacija proširene stvarnosti za učenje povijesti te potencijala za njihovo korištenje u nastavi povijesti. Također pokazuje kako su različiti teorijski pristupi učenju i poučavanju s imerzivnim/virtualnim tehnologijama sintetizirani kako bi se stvorili snažni scenariji učenja koji integriraju povijest, učenje stranih jezika, društvene znanosti i prirodoslovlje - matematiku. Ovaj interdisciplinarni didaktički pristup ukazuje na mogućnosti postizanja kvalitetnijih obrazovnih ciljeva i pružanja drugačijeg iskustva učenicima. Istražena su iskustva i reakcije učenika na ovaj međupredmetni pristup učenju. Cilj je procijeniti prednosti međupredmetnog pristupa koristeći proširenu stvarnost, istodobno bilježeći ishode učenja i ponašanja koji proizlaze iz njegove primjene

THE MOST FREQUENT INJURIES IN GOLF

Glavni cilj ovog rada je opisati neke od najučestalijih ozljeda u golfu, sportu sa izrazito velikim brojem igrača u svijetu i brzim rastom popularnosti. Golf je u zamahu razvoja u našoj zemlji te kao sport koji jedan od važnih elemenata planiranog daljnjeg turističkog razvoja u našoj zemlji. Opisuju ga kontinuirana dugotrajna opterećenja niskog intenziteta, a ne svrstava u skupinu sportova u kojemu su ozljede česte te je sport bez tjelesnog kontakta sa suigračima. Problem ozljeda prisutan je u amaterskom i profesionalnom golfu. Golf udarac kompleksan koordinirani pokret koji koristi muskulaturu gotovo cijelog tijela a karakteriziraju ga rotacije u gotovo svim osima. Faktori koji mogu utjecati na pojavu ozljede su ponavljajući pokreti i/ili velika sila udarca, nepravilna tehnika tijekom jedne od faza izvoðenja udarca, te promjena opreme/palica koje nisu prilagoðene razini kvalitete golfera, tehnici izvedbe udaraca, fizičkoj pripremljenosti, dobi te spolu. Ozljeda donjeg dijela leða, križa, najučestalija je ozljeda u golfu, preciznije, ruptura mišića leða i sindromi prenaprezanja ili upale mišićnih hvatišta. Ozljeda lakta i podlaktice su na drugom mjestu po učestalosti ozljeda u amaterskom i profesionalnom golfu, a slijede ih ozljede gležnja i stopala te ramena i nadlaktice te koljena. Stručna znanja iz kineziologije u trenažnom procesu, biomehanika udarca i fizička priprema direktno utječu na smanjenje opterećenja na lokomotorni sustav za vrijeme igre a samim time smanjuje se učestalost ozljeda.The main goal of this paper is to describe some of the most common golf injuries. Golf is a sport of high popularity and increasing number of players in the world. In our Croatia golf is growing dominantly as one of key elements development of planned tourism development in our country. The intensities of the activity is low, but the duration is high and as there is no contact to other players, it is not categorized as sport where injuries are frequent. Though , several type of injuries are present in the amateur and professional golf as well. The golf swing is a complex coordinated movement engaging almost entire body musculature, and is being characterized with body rotations in all axis. The factors that may affect the occurrence of injuries are repetitive movements and/or large impact forces, improper technique during one of the swing phases, equipment/golf clubs change or the clubs that are not appropriate to the level of golfers quality, technique, physical condition, age and gender. The lower back injury is the most common injury in golf, more precisely it is a rupture of the back muscles and overuse syndromes or inflammation of muscle insertions. The elbow and forearm injuries are in second place injuries occurrence in amateur and professional golf, which are followed by ankle and foot injury, shoulder, upper arm and knee injury. The expert knowledge in field of kinesiology and training process, swing biomechanics and physical preparation have a direct influence the reduction of locomotor system load during the game and thus reduces the incidence of injurie

Commercial phenotypic tests (API 20E) in diagnosis of fish bacteria

The available data concerning rapid identification of fish bacteria via commercial phenotypic tests demonstrate that there is no agreement regarding the choice of selection of the tests. However, API 20E, an identification system for Enterobacteriaceae and other non-fastidious Gram-negative rods developed for clinical specimens, seems to be increasingly used for the identification of fish pathogens. In this work, adaptation of API 20E for fish bacterial isolates and its distinctiveness for fish bacteria was assessed. For some bacterial fish isolates, their identification must be regarded as only presumptive. Some strains are wrongly identified because they are not included in the database of API 20E system. For comparable results, API 20E has to be adapted for bacterial fish isolates, and there should be a consensus among the fish health professionals regarding the incubation temperature and the duration of the incubation time before performing readings. API 20E reactions should be compared with the diagnostic schemes based on reactions in conventional phenotypic tests. Due to their significance for fish health and impact on the aquaculture, and because of the need for their rapid identification, some important fish bacteria should be included in the API 20E system, such as Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Vibrio anguillarum