Role and responsibilities of a teacher in the lifelong learning sector

Teaching is quite challenging and demanding alongside with many other careers. The main role of every teacher is to involve and engage your students in learning activities. An appropriate level of language, appropriate terms understandable to your students will motivate them to learn mor

Simple model of the rf noise generated by multipacting electrons

A simplified analytical model is developed to predict the spectrum of electric current induced by the multipacting electrons between two parallel electrodes exposed to an rf voltage of fixed amplitude. The model is based on the resonant multipactor theory and makes it possible to calculate the relative spectral amplitudes of electric current at different harmonics and sub-harmonics of the applied rf frequency. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations of multipactor inside a rectangular waveguide. Specifically it is seen that the relative height of the spectral peaks decreases with increasing gap height

Analysis of phagoand antibiotic sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from women of reproductive age

Pelvic inflammatory diseases occupy a special place in the structure of general morbidity, and are polymicrobial in nature with dominance of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The aim was to study the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age with pelvic inflammatory diseases, as well as to determine the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics and bacteriophages. The study included 70 women of reproductive age, among them 37 were diagnosed with colpitis and cervicitis, 33 women in the comparison group (women screened for a diagnosis). Isolated microorganisms were identified by abdominoperineal methods, including the disk diffusion method to determine the sensitivity of microorganism cultures of Enterobacteriaceae family to antibiotics, and the method of crosses (evaluation of lytic activity of bacteriophages by the number of crosses) to determine the sensitivity to specific therapeutic bacteriophages. Vaginal biocenosis was characterized by deficit of lactobacilli (< 106 CFU/ml in 100 %), the presence of conditionally pathogenic microflora: bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family, coccal flora and Candida fungi. From 60.0 to 89.3 % of Enterobacteria strains were resistant to aminoglycosides and quinolones, but also had a low level of sensitivity to therapeutic bacteriophages. The obtained data indicate the reduction of colonization resistance of vaginal mucosa in pelvic inflammatory diseases and specify the need to use medicinal drugs only under medical supervision to prevent clinically significant drug resistance

REGIONAL FEATURES OF BIFIDOBACTERIA ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY IN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA OF CHILDREN LIVING IN SIBERIA

Antagonistic properties of bifidobacteria to opportunistic microorganisms in vitro and mechanism of antagonistic activity decreasing were studied and. analyzed. Great percentage of bifidobacteria regional population strains with low antagonistic activity to transitional opportunistic microorganisms is registered. It results to colonization. resistance decreasing and. requires development of the preventive probiotics therapy methods to correct

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВТОРИЧНЫХ ТУГОПЛАВКИХ РЕДКИХ МЕТАЛЛОВ (Обзор)

A brief review of A.V. Yelutin’s and his coworkers’ works in the field of rare metals is given. Zirconium, hafnium, tungsten, tantalum and niobium extraction processes from various types of recycled materials: scrap metal, scrap refractory materials, waste and scrap of hard metal, dormant scrap of capacitors are considered. The opportunities of improving the purity of these metals by electrolytic refining and electron-beam melting are shown.Приведен краткий обзор работ А.В. Елютина с его сотрудниками в области редких металлов. Рассмотрены технологии извлечения циркония, гафния, вольфрама, тантала и ниобия из различных видов вторичного сырья: металлических отходов, лома огнеупоров, отходов и лома твердых сплавов, амортизационного лома конденсаторов. Показаны возможности повышения чистоты этих металлов методами электролитического рафинирования и электронно-лучевой плавки

ANTITOXIC ANTIDIFTHERIAL ANTIBODIES IN BLOOD SERA OF HEALTHY ADULTS UNDER DIFFERENT VACCINATION SCHEMES

In this work intensity of immunity to diphtheria on the basis of indicating antitoxic antidiphtherial antiboies level in the blood sera of healthy adults aged 20 to 51 and elder, living in England, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Finland is analyzed. Diphtheria disease incidence shift through the epidemic in 1993—1996 in Russia to the elder age groups had resulted in inclusion of obligatory adults revaccination each 10 years after the last revaccination of teenagers in 14 year in 1998. Chosen tactics of vaccinal prevention of diphtheria didn't find reflection in National prophylactic immunization calendars of other countries including European, except Finland. On the basis of the received analysis for optimization of diphtheria vaccinal prevention, authors offer: to transfer a revaccination of children from age of 18 months to age of 3—6 years (according to the scheme in Italy, England, Finland); to carry out vaccination of adults individually depending on antitoxic antibodies concentration in blood sera

Increased salt consumption induces body water conservation and decreases fluid intake

BACKGROUND: The idea that increasing salt intake increases drinking and urine volume is widely accepted. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in salt intake of 6 g/d would change fluid balance in men living under ultra-long-term controlled conditions. METHODS: Over the course of 2 separate space flight simulation studies of 105 and 205 days' duration, we exposed 10 healthy men to 3 salt intake levels (12, 9, or 6 g/d). All other nutrients were maintained constant. We studied the effect of salt-driven changes in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid urinary excretion on day-to-day osmolyte and water balance. RESULTS:A 6-g/d increase in salt intake increased urine osmolyte excretion, but reduced free-water clearance, indicating endogenous free water accrual by urine concentration. The resulting endogenous water surplus reduced fluid intake at the 12-g/d salt intake level. Across all 3 levels of salt intake, half-weekly and weekly rhythmical mineralocorticoid release promoted free water reabsorption via the renal concentration mechanism. Mineralocorticoid-coupled increases in free water reabsorption were counterbalanced by rhythmical glucocorticoid release, with excretion of endogenous osmolyte and water surplus by relative urine dilution. A 6-g/d increase in salt intake decreased the level of rhythmical mineralocorticoid release and elevated rhythmical glucocorticoid release. The projected effect of salt-driven hormone rhythm modulation corresponded well with the measured decrease in water intake and an increase in urine volume with surplus osmolyte excretion. CONCLUSION: Humans regulate osmolyte and water balance by rhythmical mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid release, endogenous accrual of surplus body water, and precise surplus excretion. FUNDING: Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology/DLR; the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research; the NIH; the American Heart Association (AHA); the Renal Research Institute; and the TOYOBO Biotechnology Foundation. Food products were donated by APETITO, Coppenrath und Wiese, ENERVIT, HIPP, Katadyn, Kellogg, Molda, and Unilever

ANTITOXIC ANTIDIPHTHERIAL ANTIBODIES IN BLOOD SERUM OF HEALTHY ADULTS UNDER DIFFERENT VACCINATION SCHEMES

Intensity of immunity to the diphtheria is analyzed, in the article according to the levels of antitoxic antibodies in blood serum, of healthy adults from 20 to 51 years and older who live in England, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and. Finland. In Russia displacement of morbidity during the epidemic of 1993—1996 to the older age groups caused, inclusion of compulsory revaccination of adults every 10 years after the latest vaccination, of teenagers in 14 years in National calendar of o prophylactic vaccination, in 1998. Chosen tactics of vaccinal prevention, wasn't included, in National calendars of o prophylactic vaccination, of other countries including European except for Finland. On the basis of the analysis for the optimization, of vaccinal prevention, of diphtheria the authors propose: to transfer revaccination of children from the age of 18 months to the age of 3—6 years (like in Italy, England, and. Finland), to realize vaccination, of adults individually taking into account the content of antitoxic antibodies in blood serum.. Key words: diphtheria, vaccinal prevention, antitoxic antibodie

MICROECOLOGICAL AND GENESPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VAGINAL BIOTOPE LACTOBACILLI IN WOMEN WITH NONSPECIFIC LOWER FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

The study included 30 reproductive age women with lower female reproductive tract nonspecific inflammatory diseases. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative pathogenic microorganisms as well as lactobacilli composition was conducted. It was shown that in women observed the opportunistic microflora detected often (73,3 %) in the rest part of patients (26,7 %) in case if opportunistic microflora was absent the disbiotic changes occurred in lower concentration of normal microflora of vagina represented mostly by lactoflora. Deficiency of lactobacilli was observed almost in all women of this group (96,6 %) and only in one case (3,4 %) the concentration of lactobacilli was consistent with normal physiological range. Molecular genetic methods (PCR amplification) with visualization by means of electrophoresis in agarose gel was made for identification of Lactobacilli species. Consistency index (c) and species saturation index (sri) for opportunistic microorganisms in women vaginal biotope examined were calculated. Prevalence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus jensoni isolating in 83 and 50 % respectively was shown. Also it was shown that in the structure of quantitative compatibility of studied species of lactobacilli the highest rate is characterized to the association of two types that makes 53 %