A STUDY ON RECTAL CARRIAGE OF MULTIRESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN CHILDREN ATTENDING PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL AMBOHIMIANDRA, MADAGASCAR

Introduction: Gram-negative bacilli are often responsible for rectal colonization in children. These bacilli normally sensitive to third generation cephalosporins (3GC) have acquired disturbing antibiotic resistance in recent years, hence the interest of our study. The aims are to monitor the epidemiological evolution resistance of Enterobacteriaceae with antibiotics in particular β-lactams, estimate the prevalence of enterobacteria responsible for rectal colonization and their resistance to 3GC. Material and methods: This is a descriptive prospective study of Enterobacteriaceae in children attending Ambohimiandra Hospital for a period of 3 months (from 01 August to 31 October 2015). We have done a rectal swab of all the children whom we have parental consent. The samples were processed at the Laboratory of Medical Biology Faravohitra. The parameters studied are the antecedent of therapy antibiotic, notion of recent hospitalization and the results of microbiological examinations. Results: Of the 55 bacteriological samples obtained, 39 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated, Escherichia coli (n = 12), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 13), Citrobacter spp (n = 1), Salmonella spp. (N = 5) and Shigella spp (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1). Six isolated strains (50%) of Escherichia coli showed resistance to ceftriaxone, of which 4 (33.33%) produced ESBL. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacilli responsible for colonization of the digestive tract have several resistances to β-lactams, in particular 3GC, by the production of enzymes (Expanded spectrum beta-lactamase or ESBL and cephalosporinase or CASE) which hydrolyze these antibiotics. Measures to combat the spread of these phenomena resistance must be implemented in the Malagasy community to limit them. KEYWORDS: Rectal porous; Gram negative bacillus; ESBL; Multiresistence

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV, HBV, HCV, SYPHILIS AMONG DONORS OF BLOOD AT THE NATIONAL CENTER OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ANTANANARIVO IN 2014

Introduction: Currently, routine screening for HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis is done in most blood banks in the world. Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) Antananarivo for a period of 7 months from January to July 2014, which aims to assess the socio-clinical factors accompanying ineligibility of blood products and to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, C and syphilis of the blood donors who have spent at CNTS HU JRA Antananarivo during this period. All donors who have abnormal results of microbiological examinations were included. The parameters used and studied were age, sex, marital status, blood and results microbiological examinations for HIV, hepatitis B, C, and syphilis. The prevalence of blood donors who presented a serological abnormality is 3.95% with a predominance of donors with hepatitis B (72.93%) followed by syphilis (18.29%) of the hepatitis C (6.95%) and HIV (1.80%) and a predominance of young people. Conclusion: At the CNTS Antananarivo, the HBV is the main definitive reason for exclusion of these donors. This high prevalence is a real public health problem for the country\u27s health authorities. The search for maximum safety in blood transfusion through firstly a better selection of blood donors by implementing a policy of strong loyalty and other early diagnosis of major diseases transmissible by blood and likely to infect the recipient. KEYWORDS: Antananarivo; Blood donor; Microbiology; Seroprevalence

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV, HBV, HCV, SYPHILIS AMONG DONORS OF BLOOD AT THE NATIONAL CENTER OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ANTANANARIVO IN 2014

Introduction: Currently, routine screening for HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis is done in most blood banks in the world. Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) Antananarivo for a period of 7 months from January to July 2014, which aims to assess the socio-clinical factors accompanying ineligibility of blood products and to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, C and syphilis of the blood donors who have spent at CNTS HU JRA Antananarivo during this period. All donors who have abnormal results of microbiological examinations were included. The parameters used and studied were age, sex, marital status, blood and results microbiological examinations for HIV, hepatitis B, C, and syphilis. The prevalence of blood donors who presented a serological abnormality is 3.95% with a predominance of donors with hepatitis B (72.93%) followed by syphilis (18.29%) of the hepatitis C (6.95%) and HIV (1.80%) and a predominance of young people. Conclusion: At the CNTS Antananarivo, the HBV is the main definitive reason for exclusion of these donors. This high prevalence is a real public health problem for the country's health authorities. The search for maximum safety in blood transfusion through firstly a better selection of blood donors by implementing a policy of strong loyalty and other early diagnosis of major diseases transmissible by blood and likely to infect the recipient. KEYWORDS: Antananarivo; Blood donor; Microbiology; Seroprevalence

Epidemiological and Cytological Profile of Pancytopenia in Hematology Laboratory of JRA University Hospital Antananarivo

Introduction: Pancytopenia is defined as simultaneous decrease of three myeloid lineages below normal values for age and sex. In Madagascar, few studies have analyzed profiles of patients with pancytopenia. Ours aims were to determine epidemiological, clinical, cytological and etiological profile of pancytopenia.Methods: We collected all data from patients with pancytopenia over a period of 12 months (March 2013-March 2014) at hematology laboratory of CHU-JRA Antananarivo.Results: 11843 hemograms were performed, pancytopenia accounted for 0.91% (108/11843). Eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria of our study. The average age was 29.48 years old with extremes of 29 days and 83 years. There was a male predominance with a ratio of 1.18. Anemic syndrome is the most common clinical sign (Table 1). Hemogram study showed anemia to varying degrees. Twenty-six patients (31.32%) had a platelet count below 20G /L. Blood smear study revealed presence of blasts in 19.27% (16/83). Conclusion: Pancytopenia is fairly common circumstance in practice. Abnormalities in hemogram must involve further investigations