Small is the new big: An overview of newer supraglottic airways for children

Almost all supraglottic airways (SGAs) are now available in pediatric sizes. The availability of these smaller sizes, especially in the last five years has brought a marked change in the whole approach to airway management in children. SGAs are now used for laparoscopic surgeries, head and neck surgeries, remote anesthesia; and for ventilation during resuscitation. A large number of reports have described the use of SGAs in difficult airway situations, either as a primary or a rescue airway. Despite this expanded usage, there remains little evidence to support its usage in prolonged surgeries and in the intensive care unit. This article presents an overview of the current options available, suitability of one over the other and reviews the published data relating to each device. In this review, the author also addresses some of the general concerns regarding the use of SGAs and explores newer roles of their use in children

Small is the new big: An overview of newer supraglottic airways for children

Almost all supraglottic airways (SGAs) are now available in pediatric sizes. The availability of these smaller sizes, especially in the last five years has brought a marked change in the whole approach to airway management in children. SGAs are now used for laparoscopic surgeries, head and neck surgeries, remote anesthesia; and for ventilation during resuscitation. A large number of reports have described the use of SGAs in difficult airway situations, either as a primary or a rescue airway. Despite this expanded usage, there remains little evidence to support its usage in prolonged surgeries and in the intensive care unit. This article presents an overview of the current options available, suitability of one over the other and reviews the published data relating to each device. In this review, the author also addresses some of the general concerns regarding the use of SGAs and explores newer roles of their use in children

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of the Elastic T-stress on Void Growth Near a Blunting Crack Tip

Large deformation finite element analysis has been used to study the effect of Rice's elastic\ud T-stress term on the theoretical prediction of stress fields before cracks and voids in fully dense\ud perfectly plastic and typical materials. The near crack tip stress, strain and deformation fields are\ud examined as functions of applied load for positive, zero and negative values of the T-term. The\ud three-dimensional finite element results agree with experimental data [Hancock, Reuter, Parks] in\ud showing that in materials with tensile T-stresses lesser loads are required to cause ductile fracture.\ud Furthermore, results show that the T-term does not have a significant effect on the deformation\ud fields in the ligament between the crack tip and void.\ud This agreement between theoretical and experimental values confirms that the T-term stress\ud is a significant parameter for accurately predicting the state of stress before a crack tip and void in\ud fully dense perfectly plastic and typical materials

Pediatric COVID: How is it different from adults?

COVID 19 pandemic has affected the world for more than one year now. It has had impact on children as well, but the numbers have been fewer than adults, with lesser morbidity. Children have been commonly asymptomatic and are suspected to be the spreaders to the more susceptible part of the community. Nasopharyngeal swab testing is difficult and challenging in smaller children, and therefore their results should be interpreted with caution. Multisystem involvement has been seen in some children who required ICU admission. Most centers treated these cases as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome and used vasoactive agents for support. Overall, children showed lower morbidity and mortality all over the world