Social costs and benefits of micro irrigation system adoption in canal commands: a study from IGNP command area of Bikaner in Rajasthan

Irrigation systemsDrip irrigationSprinkler irrigationCrop productionWater productivityLivestockCost benefit analysis

Treatment of HBeAg-Positive Hepatitis B with Peginterferon and Lamivudine: Author's reply

published_or_final_versio

SWOT Analysis of Health Literacy in India

Health literacy (HL) is defined as the personal characteristics and social resources needed for individuals and communities to access, understand, appraise and use information and services to make decisions about their health. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. A SWOT analysis is an effective way of finding out what improvements are needed to promote health literacy, leading to better health. This paper is SWOT analysis of health literacy in India. The paper highlights many key points. The need for improvement in health literacy is of utmost importance and it is possible by making health information accessible, easily understandable, and need-based in order to garner effective outcomes

SPATIAL PATTERNS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE MORTALITY OF SNAKES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY-7 ALONG PENCH TIGER RESERVE, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

Road induced habitat reduction and animal mortality pose the greatest challenge of conserving wildlife species in protected areas with extensive road networks. This study was conducted in a 9 km stretch of National Highway-7 passing through Pench Tiger Reserve in central India with an objective to assess impacts on wildlife species and their habitats. Considering that snakes are a vital part of food webs of every ecosystem and are more susceptible to vehicular causalities, we present the ecological impacts of the highway on snakes in this Tiger Reserve. We surveyed this highway section for a total of 430 road cruising days spread equally across three seasons and over two years from August 2008 to July 2010. We collected data on different variables influencing use of road side habitat, the road surface and the factors influencing mortality of snakes. We recorded a total of 490 snake road kills (approx.1.13 snakes/10km/day) during the study. We recorded the highest mortality (50%) of snakes during monsoon. Barred wolf snake had the highest mortality (22%) followed by Common cat snake (11%) and Striped keel back (8%). We identified fatality hotspots in different sections of the highway using Kernel Density Method. The linear regression model showed that the road kills were positively related to high elevation and negatively related to proximity of the agriculture fields, animal crossings and water sources.Road induced habitat reduction and animal mortality pose the greatest challenge of conserving wildlife species in protected areas with extensive road networks. This study was conducted in a 9 km stretch of National Highway-7 passing through Pench Tiger Reserve in central India with an objective to assess impacts on wildlife species and their habitats. Considering that snakes are a vital part of food webs of every ecosystem and are more susceptible to vehicular causalities, we present the ecological impacts of the highway on snakes in this Tiger Reserve. We surveyed this highway section for a total of 430 road cruising days spread equally across three seasons and over two years from August 2008 to July 2010. We collected data on different variables influencing use of road side habitat, the road surface and the factors influencing mortality of snakes. We recorded a total of 490 snake road kills (approx.1.13 snakes/10km/day) during the study. We recorded the highest mortality (50%) of snakes during monsoon. Barred wolf snake had the highest mortality (22%) followed by Common cat snake (11%) and Striped keel back (8%). We identified fatality hotspots in different sections of the highway using Kernel Density Method. The linear regression model showed that the road kills were positively related to high elevation and negatively related to proximity of the agriculture fields, animal crossings and water sources.Road induced habitat reduction and animal mortality pose the greatest challenge of conserving wildlife species in protected areas with extensive road networks. This study was conducted in a 9 km stretch of National Highway-7 passing through Pench Tiger Reserve in central India with an objective to assess impacts on wildlife species and their habitats. Considering that snakes are a vital part of food webs of every ecosystem and are more susceptible to vehicular causalities, we present the ecological impacts of the highway on snakes in this Tiger Reserve. We surveyed this highway section for a total of 430 road cruising days spread equally across three seasons and over two years from August 2008 to July 2010. We collected data on different variables influencing use of road side habitat, the road surface and the factors influencing mortality of snakes. We recorded a total of 490 snake road kills (approx.1.13 snakes/10km/day) during the study. We recorded the highest mortality (50%) of snakes during monsoon. Barred wolf snake had the highest mortality (22%) followed by Common cat snake (11%) and Striped keel back (8%). We identified fatality hotspots in different sections of the highway using Kernel Density Method. The linear regression model showed that the road kills were positively related to high elevation and negatively related to proximity of the agriculture fields, animal crossings and water sources

Heat Transfer Between Two Parallel Rotating Porous Disks with Different Permeability

Heat transfer between two parallel porous disks, rotating in the same direction, in the presence of a fluid source on the axis. has been investigated. The energy equation has been simplified by expressing the temperature in powers of(Re/r2), where Re is the source Reynolds number and r is the radial co-ordinate.The resulting equations have been solved numerically by Goodman-Lance shooting method. The effects of suction and injection on the temperature profiles and Nusselt number have been obtained

Nanoparticle-enhanced mesalazine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory illness that causes ongoing bodily inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Drug-targeted delivery of aminosalicylates such as mesalazine at the inflammation sites, to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) has remained a difficulty. Current mesalazine formulations, including tablets, suppositories, and enemas, are typically associated with adverse systemic effects. The use of nanocarriers however has opened the possibility of improved local targeting and pharmacokinetics of loaded mesalazine, based on the new physicochemical properties of the drug vehicle. The innovative nanoencapsulation of mesalazine has demonstrated success in targeting inflammatory regions and treating mild to moderate IBD. The use of nanocarriers, such as lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic nanocarriers, has demonstrated improved overall solubility, absorption, and bioavailability of mesalazine while minimising the side effects associated with their absorption. This review aims to offer an insight into what is currently known about IBD, and the nanotechnological approaches for the improvement of mesalazine therapy for IBD