Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.</jats:p

Development and Validation of a lc-ms/ms Method for the Determination of Raltegravir in Sprague Dawley Rat Serum and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

Abstract A novel bio-analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of raltegravir in rat serum by using the liquid-liquid extraction chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). Separation of raltegravir from the endogenous substances is achieved after liquid-liquid extraction by using HPLC-MS/MS system. Raltegravir was eluted in isocratic mode with acetonitrile, methanol and 0.1% acetic acid in water ( 40:30:30) at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min on Waters, Exterra C18, 50*4.6 mm, 5µm particle size column. Didanosine was used as the internal standard. The liquid-liquid extraction recovery was found 70% indicates good recovery. The validation results demonstrated that the present method was found to be precise and accurate. The stability tests indicated that the raltegravir in rat serum is stable for three freeze-thaw cycles at both -20 ºC and -70 ºC, 18-h ambient storage, 15-day frozen storage at both -20 ºC and -70 ºC. The results also showed no significant matrix effect (&lt;6.2%). The present method was found to be sensitive and selective at very low levels of linearity range 1-1000 ng/mL, based on a sample volume of 50 µL, with a linear correlation coefficient of ≥ 0.99. The validated method has been successfully applied to support a preclinical pharmacokinetic study

Structural, morphological and vibrational properties of Li4Ti5-xNbxO12 anode materials

The spinel structured chemical composition of Li4Ti5-xNbxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) anode materials are manufactured by solid state process. An organized exhibition of the outcomes of the structural, morphological and vibrational bonding nature of the negative electrode materials are investigated via the thermal studies, XRD, SEM with EDS and FT-IR. The detected peaks of diffraction are in absolute concurrence with the ordered Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cubic structure exactly fitting to the Fd3m group of the spinel class. This result could indicate that the Nb element is totally inserted into the lattice of the base material. The grain sizes of niobium doped materials are large above the base material (LTO) and range around 1 μm in size. The FT-IR spectra are put to use to illustrate vibrational modes about the stretching and bending of various functional groups and also thereby confirm the spinel structure of the anode materials